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. 2020 Mar 16;43(5):1142–1145. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2302

Table 1.

Rider and race characteristics over the 7-day Tour of California

	Stage of the tour							7-Day mean
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	7-Day mean
Ride duration (min)	194 ± 0	396 ± 15	360 ± 9	353 ± 0	298 ± 2	248 ± 9	174 ± 2	289 ± 86
Distance (km)	143	195	207	213	219	128	141	196 ± 44
Total stage elevation (m)	61	4,426	2,947	3,583	2,951	4,279	2,593	2,977 ± 1,461
Ambient temperature (°C)	25	20	21	21	18	12	11	18 ± 5
Humidity (%)	50	49	74	65	58	83	42	60 ± 15
Energy expenditure (kcal)	2,265 ± 499	4,955 ± 342^*	4,564 ± 284^*	4,334 ± 694^*	4,268 ± 283^*^£	3,691 ± 279^*^°^§^£	2,717 ± 300^°^§^#	3,828 ± 996
In-ride energy intake (kcal)	1,034 ± 324	2,138 ± 347^*	1,883 ± 406^*	2,075 ± 253^*	1,528 ± 390	1,704 ± 287	1,050 ± 545^°^§^#	1,630 ± 452
In-ride energy change (kcal)	−1,230 ± 217	−2,817 ± 499^*	−2,681 ± 581^*	−2,259 ± 684^*	−2,740 ± 488^*	−1,987 ± 541	−1,666 ± 776^°^{^}	−2,197 ± 602
Power (W)
Peak	1,077 ± 183	939 ± 98	1,043 ± 100	981 ± 124	995 ± 106	897 ± 123^*^§	944 ± 106	982 ± 62
Mean	175 ± 41	219 ± 17^*	214 ± 13^*	205 ± 30^*	244 ± 17^*^°^§^#	248 ± 14^*°^§^#	256 ± 17^*°^§^#	223 ± 2
Normalized	226 ± 28	246 ± 20^*	261 ± 12^*	247 ± 24^*	289 ± 18^*°^§^#	280 ± 16^*^°^§^#	297 ± 17^*^°^§^#	264 ± 19
HR (bpm)
Peak	187 ± 3	189 ± 22	179 ± 3^*^°	174 ± 6^*^°	179 ± 15^*^°	170 ± 2^*^°^§^{^}	175 ± 7^*^°^$	179 ± 7
Mean	134 ± 8	144 ± 5^*	134 ± 5^°	127 ± 12^°	138 ± 3^#	138 ± 1^#	141 ± 5^*^§^#	137 ± 6

Data are presented as the mean ± SD or n.

^*

Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 1.

^°

Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 2.

^§

Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 3.

^#

significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 4.

^ Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 5.

^$

Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 6.

^£

Significant difference (P < 0.05) with respect to stage 7.