Tumor volume and survival plots for M21 and B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice treated with 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots. Tumor growth rate plots for (a) M21 xenografted mice and (b) Kaplan-Meier survival plots. M21 tumor mice were administered 1 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (○), 0.5 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (◆), 1 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (▲), 0.5 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (Δ), DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (◼), or PBS (●). (c) B16F10 mice tumor growth rates and (d) Kaplan-Meier survival plots. B16F10 tumor mice were administered 0.5 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (◆), 0.5 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (▲), DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots (◼), or PBS (●). M21 tumor bearing mice receiving 0.5 mCi of 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots exhibited significantly improved survival compared to the PBS group *(p=0.036) and mice receiving 0.5 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots *(p=0.021). Mice receiving 1 mCi of the non-targeted 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots also demonstrated a survival advantage *(p=0.01), while the 1 mCi 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots treated group did not. B16F10 tumor bearing mice receiving 0.5 mCi of 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots demonstrated a significant survival improvement compared to mice receiving PBS ***(p=0.0005) or non-radiolabeled DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots **(p=0.002). There was a significant enhancement in survival for tumor bearing mice treated with 177Lu-DOTA-αMSH-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots versus non-targeted 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-Cy5-C’ dots *(p=0.045).