Table 3.

Effect size differences of means and standard deviations of raw scores on the Total Learning, Short Delay Free Recall (SDFR), Long Delay Free Recall (LDFR), and Recognition Discriminability (D-Prime) between our new robust norms and the CVLT-II and CVLT-3 norms within comparable age and education (≥16 years) brackets.

	Robust norms (n = 203)	CVLT-II (n = 52)	Effect size	CVLT-3 (n = 82)	Effect size
Age	M = 69.7	M = 73.0	-	60–69 = 38%	-
	SD = 5.8	SD = 7.9		70–79 = 34%
	Range = 60–89	Range = 61–89		80–90 = 28%
Racial background	91% White	94.7% White	-	84% White	-
Total learning	M = 52.8	M = 43.8	−1.3*	M = 43.8	−0.9*
	SD = 9.3	SD = 11.3		SD = 11.9
SDFR	M = 11.6	M = 9.0	−0.9*	M = 9.0	−0.8*
	SD = 2.9	SD = 3.1		SD = 3.7
LDFR	M = 12.2	M = 9.6	−0.9*	M = 9.9	−0.7*
	SD = 2.8	SD = 3.5		SD = 3.8
D-Prime	M = 3.3	M = 2.9	−0.6*	M = 2.8	−0.7*
	SD = 0.7	SD = 0.8		SD = 0.9

M = mean,

SD = standard deviation,

^*p < .05.