Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| PD exposed (n = 148) | Controls (n = 188) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant characteristics at birth | |||
| Gestational age, weeks (SD) | 39.4 (1.4) | 40.0 (1.6) | .30 |
| Birth weight, g (SD) / length, cm (SD) | 3595 (440)/ 51 (2) | 3581 (487) / 51 (2) | .69/.89 |
| Head circumference, cm (SD) | 35 (1.3) | 35 (1.5) | .90 |
| Umbilical artery, pH (SD) | 7.27 (0.8) | 7.28 (0.8) | .13 |
| Male sex, nr (%) | 80 (54) | 97 (52) | .65 |
| Maternal characteristics during pregnancy | |||
| Maternal age at birth, years (SD) | 30 (4.5) | 31 (4.3) | .05 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy body-mass index, kg/m2 (SD) |
25.1 (5.1) | 24 (4.0) | .11 |
| Maternal education, nr (%) low (up to 12 years) middle (13-15 years) high (over 15 years) |
63 (44) 36 (24) 47 (32) |
48 (25) 56 (30) 84 (45) |
.004 |
| Maternal smoking, nr (%) | 24 (16) | 6 (3) | <.001 |
| Maternal use of inhaled or oral corticosteroids, nr (%) | 3 (2) | 7 (4) | .37 |
| Rhinovirus-positive infants at stress test, nr (%) | 31(21) | 45 (24) | .50 |
| Infant age at stress test, weeks (SD) | 10.8 (2.0) | 10.6 (2.0) | .21 |
p values are based on χ² and Mann-Whitney U tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Bold values signify significance. PD: prenatal psychological stress, SD: standard deviation.