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. 2012 Feb 5;379(9823):1341–1351. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic representation of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The process is essentially characterised by a decline in FEV1 with increasing age. FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1 s.