Table 4.

Analysis of FEV₁%Pred Decline in Relation to Patient Characteristics and Smoking Habits

Parameters	FEV1%Pred in Low Group, at Start	Difference in FEV1%Pred Between High and Low Groups, at Start	Annual Decline in FEV1%Pred in the Low Group, %/yr	Additional Decline in FEV1%Pred in the High Group
				%/yr	95% CI	p Value	Obs*	No.†
Age ≥ 68.5 yr	41.1	6.5‡	− 1.51§	0.03	− 0.32 to 0.38	0.854	3,242	147
Smoking (continuous or intermittent)	44.6	− 0.8	− 1.31§	− 0.41	− 0.75 to − 0.08	0.014	3,242	147
Female gender	41.5	9.41§	− 1.39§	− 0.42	− 0.79 to − 0.05	0.025	3,242	147
BMI ≥ 24.9 kg/m2	41.5	4.7‡	− 1.66§	+ 0.32	− 0.01 to 0.65	0.052	3,228	146
FEV1%Pred ≥ 38.6%	32.6	24.0§	− 1.05§	− 1.00	− 1.30 to − 0.67	0.001	3,232	146

^*No. of FEV₁%Pred observations.

^†Patients for whom biomarker data were available.

^‡p < 0.05.

^§p < 0.001.