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. 2009 Feb 1;103(6):846–853. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.12.019

Table 4.

Associated factors for AE development: univariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Variables Hazard ratio 95% CI
p Value
Lower Upper
Age, years 1.181 1.050 1.374 0.0037
Sex, female 0.764 0.283 1.744 0.5281
Smoking habit, yes 2.336 0.898 10.33 0.0844
CVD, RA 2.536 1.006 11.16 0.0484
Histology, NSIP 0.545 0.203 1.234 0.1452
VC, % 0.984 0.942 1.029 0.4681
DLco, % 1.054 0.975 1.208 0.1824
PaO2, Torr 1.008 0.924 1.111 0.8585
KL-6, U/ml 1.000 0.997 1.000 0.9314

AE, acute exacerbation; CI, confidence interval; CVD, collagen vascular diseases; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.