Table II.
Admission events, chest X-ray features, antimicrobial treatment, and outcomes
| All patients | Radiologically confirmed HAP | Radiology inconsistent with HAP | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 166) | (N = 108) | (N = 54) | ||
| Admission events | ||||
| Surgery pre HAP | 39 (23.5%) | 33 (30.6%) | 6 (11.1%) | 0.006 |
| ICU admission pre HAP | 29 (17.5%) | 23 (21.3%) | 6 (11.1%) | 0.13 |
| Intubation pre HAPb | 45 (27.1%) | 36 (33.3%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.01 |
| Admission CXR features | ||||
| Clear lung fields | 103 (62.0%) | 65 (60.2%) | 37 (68.5%) | 0.4 |
| Consolidation | 15 (9.0%) | 8 (7.4%) | 7 (13.0%) | 0.3 |
| Features of heart failure | 10 (6.0%) | 6 (5.6%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.7 |
| No admission CXR | 10 (6.0%) | 7 (6.5%) | 2 (3.7%) | 0.7 |
| Antimicrobial treatment | ||||
| Piperacillin–tazobactam | 151 (57.2%) | 107 (60.8%) | 44 (50%) | 0.1 |
| Co-amoxiclav | 33 (12.5%) | 18 (10.2%) | 15 (17.0%) | 0.1 |
| Metronidazole | 22 (8.3%) | 10 (5.7%) | 12 (13.6%) | 0.03 |
| Vancomycin | 19 (7.2%) | 11 (6.3%) | 8 (9.1%) | 0.5 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 13 (4.9%) | 7 (4.0%) | 6 (6.8%) | 0.4 |
| Meropenem | 13 (4.9%) | 12 (6.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.07 |
| Ceftriaxone | 4 (1.5%) | 3 (1.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1.0 |
| Amoxicillin | 3 (1.1%) | 3 (1.7%) | 0 | 0.6 |
| Gentamicin | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1.0 |
| Clarithromycin | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 1.0 |
| Linezolid | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 | 1.0 |
| Minimum antimicrobial duration, median days (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–6) | 3.5 (2–5) | 0.04 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| ICU admission | 6 (3.6%) | 6 (5.6%) | 0 | 0.2 |
| Intubation and ventilation | 6 (3.6%) | 6 (5.6%) | 0 | 0.2 |
| Death during admission | 32 (19.3%) | 22 (20.4%) | 10 (18.5%) | 0.8 |
HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; ICU, intensive care unit; CXR, chest X-ray; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Comparing patients with radiologically confirmed HAP and patients with radiology inconsistent with HAP; chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test depending on number of subjects or two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum (Whitney–Mann) when comparing two medians.
b
For emergency airway management, mechanical ventilation or general anaesthesia for surgery.