Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized for microbiologically unexplained bronchiolitis or exacerbated asthma and positive for human enterovirus or human rhinovirus detection of by real-time RT-qPCR in nasopharyngeal aspiration samples (NPAs).

	HEV	HRV	md	P
Total number of strains n= (%)	12 (100.0%)	121 (100.0%)	0
Age (months) median [range]	36 [6–83]	11 [0–155]	0	0.003
Sex ratio (M/F)	2	2.3	0	0.99
Length of hospitalization (days) median [range]	3 [1–5]	3 [0–22]	2	0.6
Admission in intensive care unit n= (%)	0	4 (3.3%)	0	0.99
Clinical outcome: number of death n = Medical history:	0	0	0
Asthma or infantile asthmaan= (%)	6 (50.0%)	44 (36.3%)	0	0.36
Prematuritybn= (%)	3 (25.0%)	21 (17.3%)	37	0.70
Passive smoking n= (%)	2 (16.6%)	31 (25.6%)	70	0.24
Family atopic history n= (%)	6 (50.0%)	58 (47.9%)	49	0.23
Symptoms at the time of admission:
Fevercn = (%)	8 (75.0%)	43 (35.5%)	12	0.12
Respiratory distressdn = (%)	11 (91.6%)	62 (51.2%)	2	0.01
Need for Oxygen therapy n= (%)	8 (75.0%)	49 (40.4%)	17	0.01
Viral load per ml of NPAs samples at the time of admission: Median values copies/ml [range]	7.4 × 106 [2 × 105–5.4 × 107]	4.9 × 107 [2 × 105–7.2 × 1010]	0	0.005

md: missing data.

Statistical significant values (P < 0.05) are shown in bold.

^aAsthma is defined as one episode of wheezing dyspnea in a child of more than 2 years. Infantile asthma is defined as more than two episodes of wheezing dyspnea in a child of less than 2 years.

^bPrematurity is defined as a birth occuring before 37 weeks of amenorrhea.

^cFever was defined as the presence of an external body temperature > or = to 38 °C.

^dRespiratory distress was defined as the presence of dyspnea associated with one of the following clinical symptoms: chest indrawing, accessory respiratory muscle use (e.g. scalene muscles), paradoxical breathing or nasal flaring.