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. 2019 Aug 16;7(9):791–801. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30254-1

Table 4.

Nasal swab bacteriology on days 1 and 14 of study medication

		Start of treatment (day 1)					End of treatment (day 14)
		Placebo (n=47), n (%)	Amoxicillin–clavulanate (n=39)		Azithromycin (n=42)		Placebo (n=47), n (%)	Amoxicillin–clavulanate (n=39)		Azithromycin (n=42)
			n (%)	p value^*	n (%)	p value^*		n (%)	p value^*	n (%)	p value^*
Streptococcus pneumoniae		11 (23%)	4 (10%)	0·11	7 (17%)	0·43	6 (13%)	1 (3%)	0·085	3 (7%)	0·38
	Azithromycin-resistant	4 (36%)^†	1 (25%)^†	0·68	1 (14%)^†	0·31	2 (33%)^†	0	0·50	3 (100%)^†	0·058
	Penicillin-resistant	2 (18%)^†	0	0·36	0	0·23	2 (33%)^†	0	0·50	1 (33%)^†	1·0
Haemophilus influenzae		13 (28%)	4 (10%)	0·044	5 (12%)	0·065	6 (13%)	0	0·021	2 (5%)	0·19
	Azithromycin-resistant	0	0	NA	0	NA	0	0	NA	0	NA
	Ampicillin-resistant	3 (23%)^†	1 (25%)^†	0·94	0	0·24	1 (17%)^†	0	NA	0	0·54
Moraxella catarrhalis		14 (30%)	12 (31%)	0·92	18 (43%)	0·20	15 (32%)	6 (15%)	0·076	1 (2%)	<0·0001
	β-lactamase positive	14 (100%)^†	12 (100%)^†	0·37	17 (94%)^†	NA	15 (100%)^†	6 (100%)^†	NA	1 (100%)^†	NA
Staphylococcus aureus		8 (17%)	7 (18%)	0·91	5 (12%)	0·50	15 (32%)	5 (13%)	0·037	3 (7%)	0·0040
	Azithromycin-resistant	3 (38%)^†	2 (29%)^†	0·71	1 (20%)^†	0·51	3 (20%)^†	2 (40%)^†	0·37	2 (67%)^†	0·010
	Meticillin-resistant	1 (13%)^†	3 (43%)^†	0·19	2 (40%)^†	0·25	2 (13%)^†	2 (40%)^†	0·20	0	0·50
Any of the above pathogens		32 (68%)	20 (51%)	0·11	22 (52%)	0·13	32 (68%)	11 (28%)	<0·0001	8 (19%)	<0·0001
	Azithromycin-resistant (any)	7 (22%)^†	3 (15%)^†	0·54	2 (9%)^†	0·22	5 (16%)^†	2 (18%)^†	0·84	5 (63%)^†	0·0060

Data are n (%) of children with paired nasal swabs (on days 1 and 14 of treatment), unless otherwise specified. NA=not applicable.

^*

Versus placebo group at the same timepoint.

^†

Percentages are the proportion of isolates with the specified resistance out of the total number of isolates of that species.