Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects according to WBC levels.
| Total (n = 95) | pa | pb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC <4.0 | 4.0≤ WBC <8.0 | WBC ≥ 8.0 | |||
| (n = 38) | (n = 38) | (n = 19) | |||
| Age (year) | 46.8 ± 1.72 | 38.0 ± 1.78 | 37.2 ± 3.08 | 0.001 | - |
| Male/female n (%) | 3 (7.9) / 35 (92.1) | 19 (50.0) / 19 (50.0) | 9 (47.4) / 10 (52.6) | <0.001 | - |
| Cigarette smoker n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (13.2) | 1 (5.3) | 0.198 | 0.599 |
| Alcohol drinker n (%) | 16 (42.1) | 24 (63.2) | 12 (63.2) | 0.130 | 0.698 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.5 ± 1.40 | 69.8 ± 1.32 | 72.9 ± 3.24 | <0.001 | - |
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 24.0 ± 0.42 | 25.3 ± 0.25 | 25.8 ± 0.64 | 0.016 | 0.767 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.1 ± 1.26 | 87.9 ± 0.80 | 87.9 ± 1.99 | 0.006 | 0.097 |
| WHR | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 0.156 | 0.287 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.4 ± 1.87 | 117.8 ± 1.67 | 119.1 ± 2.96 | 0.243 | 0.971 |
| DBP (mmHg)† | 71.5 ± 1.37 | 74.3 ± 1.20 | 74.2 ± 2.07 | 0.344 | 0.942 |
| TG (mg/dL)§ | 87.1 ± 5.49 | 91.0 ± 4.78 | 103.7 ± 7.88 | 0.170 | 0.474 |
| TC (mg/dL)§ | 196.2 ± 4.37 | 184.7 ± 4.99 | 197.8 ± 5.43 | 0.118 | 0.096 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)§ | 65.4 ± 2.23 | 60.0 ± 1.75 | 58.6 ± 2.15 | 0.072 | 0.838 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)§ | 115.2 ± 4.34 | 108.8 ± 4.47 | 119.6 ± 5.40 | 0.304 | 0.169 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 85.5 ± 1.25 | 88.1 ± 1.16 | 85.4 ± 2.26 | 0.286 | 0.103 |
| Insulin (μIU/dL)§ | 10.1 ± 0.83b | 10.5 ± 0.58b | 14.5 ± 1.80a | 0.012 | 0.039 |
| HOMA-IR§ | 2.14 ± 0.19b | 2.29 ± 0.13a, b | 3.15 ± 0.45a | 0.019 | 0.049 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL)§ | 14.7 ± 1.88 | 10.1 ± 1.63 | 6.30 ± 0.53 | <0.001 | 0.054 |
| MDA (nmol/mL)§ | 7.83 ± 0.43 | 6.82 ± 0.32 | 7.01 ± 0.50 | 0.153 | 0.529 |
| AST (IU/L)§ | 21.7 ± 0.72a | 19.7 ± 0.81b | 23.2 ± 1.14a | 0.016 | 0.014 |
| ALT (IU/L)† | 16.8 ± 1.24 | 16.4 ± 1.11 | 23.6 ± 2.94 | 0.203 | 0.111 |
| GGT (U/L)† | 14.9 ± 0.86a,b | 17.6 ± 1.26b | 34.6 ± 7.75a | 0.013 | 0.017 |
Mean ± standard error (SE).
variables tested following logarithmic transformation. pa-values of the continuous variables were derived from one-way ANOVA tests;
variables tested by a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis test). pa-values of the nominal variables were derived from the chi-squared test. pb-values are pa-values adjusted ~ for age, sex, and weight. After the adjustment, significant changes among the groups are marked with the different alphabet letters (a, b, and c) following Bonferroni post hoc test. All p-values < 0.05 were considered significant.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MDA, malondialdehyde; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.