. 2020 Apr 14;11:629. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00629

Table 4.

Differences in plasma FA levels among the study subjects as determined by GC-MS analysis according to WBC levels.

Relative peak area	Total (n = 95)			*p^a*	*p^b*
	WBC <4.0(n = 38)	4.0≤ WBC <8.0(n = 38)	WBC ≥8.0(n = 19)
SFAs^§	6.361 ± 0.174	5.845 ± 0.219	6.044 ± 0.238	0.105	0.297
Lauric acid (C12:0)^†	0.031 ± 0.004	0.023 ± 0.002	0.025 ± 0.002	0.072	0.324
Myristic acid (C14:0)^§	0.203 ± 0.014	0.180 ± 0.011	0.219 ± 0.015	0.141	0.154
Pentadecylic acid (C15:0)^†	0.032 ± 0.003	0.021 ± 0.003	0.029 ± 0.005	0.039	0.148
Palmitic acid (C16:0)^§	4.220 ± 0.127	3.939 ± 0.155	3.885 ± 0.144	0.175	0.518
Stearic acid (C18:0)^§	1.836 ± 0.047^{a, b}	1.651 ± 0.057^b	1.847 ± 0.082^a	0.019	0.030
Arachidic acid (C20:0)^§	0.039 ± 0.002^{a, b}	0.032 ± 0.002^b	0.039 ± 0.004^a	0.032	0.050
Behenic acid (C22:0)^§	0.088 ± 0.006^{a, b}	0.072 ± 0.006^b	0.092 ± 0.009^a	0.045	0.040
MUFAs^§	1.211 ± 0.050	1.123 ± 0.050	1.209 ± 0.070	0.365	0.254
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1ω7)^§	0.141 ± 0.008	0.118 ± 0.007	0.143 ± 0.011	0.041	0.052
cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid (C17:1ω7)^§	0.011 ± 0.001^{a, b}	0.010 ± 0.001^b	0.013 ± 0.001^a	0.052	0.028
Oleic acid (C18:1ω9)^§	1.049 ± 0.043	0.986 ± 0.043	1.043 ± 0.059	0.503	0.337
Eicosenoic acid (C20:1ω9)^†	0.011 ± 0.001	0.009 ± 0.000	0.011 ± 0.001	0.112	0.179
Erucic acid (C22:1ω9)^§	0.010 ± 0.002	0.006 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.001	0.126	0.096
Nervonic acid (C24:1ω9)^§	0.045 ± 0.003	0.037 ± 0.004	0.044 ± 0.006	0.095	0.114
ω-3 PUFAs^†	0.635 ± 0.042	0.402 ± 0.033	0.494 ± 0.062	<0.001	0.034
α-Linolenic acid (C18:3ω3)^§	0.128 ± 0.011	0.087 ± 0.009	0.090 ± 0.013	0.006	0.340
Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3)^†	0.151 ± 0.013	0.092 ± 0.010	0.106 ± 0.018	0.002	0.601
Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5ω3)^†	0.036 ± 0.004	0.026 ± 0.004	0.026 ± 0.004	0.171	0.407
Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6ω3)^†	0.320 ± 0.025^{a, b}	0.197 ± 0.018^b	0.271 ± 0.035^a	0.002	0.018
ω-6 PUFAs^†	3.420 ± 0.168	2.842 ± 0.147	3.235 ± 0.329	0.015	0.383
Linoleic acid (C18:2ω6)^†	2.617 ± 0.153	2.122 ± 0.121	2.460 ± 0.283	0.013	0.393
γ-Linolenic acid (C18:3ω6)^†	0.072 ± 0.012	0.037 ± 0.008	0.055 ± 0.013	0.041	0.160
Eicosadienoic acid (C20:2ω6)^§	0.023 ± 0.001	0.020 ± 0.001	0.024 ± 0.002	0.083	0.079
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (C20:3ω6)^§	0.102 ± 0.005^b	0.093 ± 0.004^b	0.120 ± 0.009^a	0.023	0.008
Arachidonic acid (C20:4ω6)^§	0.579 ± 0.021	0.545 ± 0023	0.536 ± 0.036	0.341	0.572
Docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4ω6)^§	0.028 ± 0.003^b	0.025 ± 0.003^b	0.039 ± 0.007^a	0.059	0.005
FA METABOLISM-RELATED ENZYMES (ACTIVITIES)
Δ5-desaturase^§	6.152 ± 0.331^a	6.031 ± 0.229^a	4.651 ± 0.291^b	0.002	0.001
Δ6-desaturase^§	0.025 ± 0.004	0.016 ± 0.002	0.021 ± 0.003	0.128	0.331
C16 Δ9-desaturase^§	0.033 ± 0.002^{a, b}	0.030 ± 0.001^b	0.036 ± 0.002^a	0.021	0.025
C18 Δ9-desaturase^§	0.569 ± 0.016	0.597 ± 0.015	0.564 ± 0.019	0.290	0.365
Elongase^§	0.441 ± 0.010^b	0.424 ± 0.007^b	0.475 ± 0.011^a	0.003	0.004

Mean ± standard error (SE).

^§

variables tested following logarithmic transformation. p^a-values of the continuous variables were derived from one-way ANOVA;

^†

variables tested by a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis test). p^b-values are p^a-values adjusted ~ for age, sex, and weight. After the adjustment, significant changes among the groups are marked with the different alphabet letters (a, b, and c) following Bonferroni post hoc test. All p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Δ5-desaturase, arachidonic acid/dihomo-γ-linoienic acid; Δ6-desaturase, γ-linolenic acid/linoleic acid; C16 Δ9-desaturase, palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid; C18 Δ9-desaturase, oleic acid/stearic acid; Elongase, stearic acid/palmitic acid.

FA: fatty acid. MUFAs: monounsaturated fatty acids. PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids. SFAs: saturated fatty acids.