Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Apr 21;27(6):992–1000.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.009

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 Elsevier Inc.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

PMC Copyright notice

Main Features of Immune Dysregulation of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2

(A) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.

(B) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.

(C) Production of TNF-α by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.

(D) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.

(E) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into three states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation, and MAS.

(F) Production of IL-1β by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.

(G) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with sepsis caused by bacterial CAP classified into intermediate state of immune activation and immunoparalysis.

(H) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS.

(I) Production of IL-6 by PBMCs of patients with SRF developing after infection caused by the 2009H1N1 virus and by SARS-CoV-2.

(J–L) Serum amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP of patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 classified into states of immune activation: intermediate, dysregulation and MAS.

Bars in each graphic represent mean values and standard errors. Statistical comparisons are indicated by the arrows; ns: non-significant; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001; ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001. Comparisons were done by the Mann-Whitney U test followed by correction for multiple comparisons.