Table 1.
Baseline Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of the Cohorts of Bacterial CAP and of Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2
| No respiratory failure |
Severe respiratory failure |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial | SARS-CoV-2 | p value | Bacterial | SARS-CoV-2 | p value | |
| Number of patients | 48 | 26 | 56 | 28 | ||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 74.8 ± 16.8 | 59.2 ± 10.3 | <0.0001 | 74.0 ± 12.6∗ | 67.8 ± 10.8# | <0.0001 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 25 (52.1) | 15 (57.7) | 0.807 | 27 (48.2)∗ | 25 (89.3)∗∗ | 0.0003 |
| APACHE II score (mean ± SD) | 18.50 ± 8.19 | 5.88 ± 3.40 | <0.0001 | 26.63 ± 8.52∗∗ | 10.17 ± 3.64## | <0.0001 |
| SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 7.87 ± 3.81 | 1.50 ± 0.82 | <0.0001 | 11.46 ± 3.15∗∗ | 5.71 ± 2.19## | <0.0001 |
| CCI (mean ± SD) | 5.53 ± 2.13 | 2.16 ± 1.46 | <0.0001 | 5.57 ± 2.20∗ | 3.39 ± 2.16## | <0.0001 |
| PSI (mean ± SD) | 146.5 ± 43.2 | 80.0 ± 30.7 | <0.0001 | 177.4 ± 40.4∗∗∗ | 121.2 ± 28.3## | <0.0001 |
| Laboratory values (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Total white blood cell count (/mm3) | 13,852.7 ± 7279.3 | 6379.6 ± 1993.9 | <0.0001 | 17,666.9 ± 12,799.9∗ | 9447.8 ± 3308.6## | <0.0001 |
| Absolute platelet count (x103 /mm3) | 201.3 ± 124.8 | 243.8 ± 109.1 | 0.141 | 224.3 ± 111.0∗ | 213.9 ± 71.8∗ | 0.654 |
| INR | 1.28 ± 0.64 | 1.11 ± 0.15 | 0.187 | 1.33 ± 0.45∗ | 1.17 ± 0.20∗ | 0.077 |
| aPTT (secs) | 37.19 ± 12.95 | 33.40 ± 6.22 | 0.165 | 38.42 ± 23.00∗ | 37.52 ± 9.88∗ | 0.844 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 475.6 ± 196.3 | 528.9 ± 152.5 | 0.234 | 495.3 ± 290.5∗ | 693.5 ± 188.6# | 0.002 |
| D-dimers (g/dl) | 7.66 ± 13.9 | 2.76 ± 2.02 | 0.079 | 1.46 ± 1.62∗∗ | 5.43 ± 6.41∗ | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.55 ± 1.00 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.001 | 1.71 ± 0.90∗ | 1.11 ± 0.43# | 0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.43 ± 1.92 | 0.67 ± 0.50 | 0.052 | 1.17 ± 1.88∗ | 0.97 ± 0.68∗ | 0.588 |
| AST (U/l) | 155.1 ± 308.1 | 39.9 ± 28.5 | 0.062 | 311.7 ± 748.2∗ | 76.6 ± 59.2# | 0.102 |
| ALT (U/l) | 234.6 ± 764.3 | 40.2 ± 24.9 | 0.200 | 175.8 ± 378.0∗ | 64.3 ± 62.2∗ | 0.126 |
| Main comorbidities (n, %) | ||||||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 13 (27.1) | 4 (15.4) | 0.386 | 21 (37.5)∗ | 6 (21.4)∗ | 0.214 |
| Chronic heart failure | 8 (16.7) | 3 (11.5) | 0.737 | 18 (32.1)∗ | 4 (14.3)∗ | 0.114 |
| Coronary heart disease | 7 (14.6) | 2 (7.7) | 0.479 | 10 (17.9) | 5 (17.9)∗ | 1.0 |
Comparisons with the respective groups without respiratory failure by the Student’s t test: ∗p-non-significant; ∗∗p < 0.05; #p < 0.001; ##p < 0.0001. Abbreviations are as follows: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; CCI, Charlson’s comorbidity index; INR, international normalized ratio; PSI, pneumonia severity index; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment