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. 2020 Apr 21;88:559–565. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049

Table 4.

Linear regression of physical symptoms in the past one month associated with the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak (N = 906).

Variables Impact of event scale DASS-21 Stress DASS-Anxiety DASS-Depression
N (%) R-Squared(R2) Adjusted R-Squared (AR2) β (95% CI) R2 AR2 β (95% CI) R2 AR2 β (95% CI) R2 AR2 β (95% CI)
Throat pain 272 (30%) 0.026 0.025 0.292* (0.176, 0.408) 0.054 0.053 0.418** (0.304, 0.533) 0.080 0.079 0.508** (0.396, 0.621) 0.038 0.037 0.351* (0.235, 0.466)
Nausea/vomiting 96 (10.6%) 0.037 0.036 0.548** (0.366, 0.729) 0.017 0.016 0.373** (0.190, 0.556) 0.060 0.059 0.696** (0.517, 875) 0.017 0.016 0.374** (0.190, 0.557)
Anxiety 242 (26.7%) 0.137 0.136 0.649** (0.543, 0.755) 0.161 0.160 0.704** (0.599, 0.809) 0.133 0.133 0.641** (0.534, 0.747) 0.112 0.111 0.587** (0.479, 0.695)
Insomnia 190 (21.0%) 0.092 0.091 0.535** (0.426, 0.645) 0.082 0.081 0.506** (0.396, 0.616) 0.082 0.081 0.505**(0.394, 0.615) 0.080 0.079 0.500** (0.389, 0.610)
Poor appetite 128 (14.1%) 0.043 0.042 0.450** (0.312, 0.589) 0.025 0.024 0.342** (0.202, 0.482) 0.077 0.076 0.602** (0.466, 0.738) 0.047 0.046 0.472** (0.334, 0.611)
Headache 289 (31.9%) 0.044 0.043 0.328** (0.229, 0.427) 0.040 0.039 0.310** (0.211, 0.410) 0.066 0.065 0.400** (0.302, 0.498) 0.020 0.019 0.219** (0.119, 0.320)
Neck stiffness 149 (16.4%) 0.036 0.035 0.370** (0.245, 0.494) 0.046 0.045 0.417** (0.293, 0.541) 0.046 0.045 0.415** (0.292, 0.539) 0.030 0.029 0.337** (0.212, 0.462)
Cough 153 (16.9%) 0.012 0.011 0.231* (0.095, 0.367) 0.023 0.022 0.314** (0.179, 0.449) 0.032 0.031 0.375** (0.241, 0.510) 0.013 0.012 0.238* (0.102, 0.373)
Sputum 102 (11.3%) 0.031 0.030 0.440** (0.279, 0.601) 0.043 0.042 0.519** (0.359, 0.679) 0.052 0.051 0.571** (0.411, 0.730) 0.014 0.013 0.292** (0.130, 0.455)
Breathless-ness 56 (6.2%) 0.036 0.035 0.699**(0.463,0.934) 0.020 0.019 0.525**(0.287, 0.762) 0.077 0.076 1.018** (0.787, 1.249) 0.028 0.027 0.616** (0.380, 0.853)
Coryza 127 (14.0%) 0.003 0.002 0.126(-0.026, 0.278) 0.013 0.012 0.262*(0.111, 0.413) 0.016 0.014 0.290** (0.139, 0.441) 0.009 0.008 0.218*(0.067, 0.370)
Joint/muscle pain 187 (20.6%) 0.101 0.099 0.497** (0.362, 0.632) 0.087 0.085 0.463** (0.327, 0.600) 0.062 0.060 0.389** (0.251, 0.527) 0.072 0.070 0.420** (0.282, 0.557)
Rashes 33 (3.6%) 0.087 0.086 0.511** (0.403, 0.619) 0.096 0.095 0.536** (0.429, 0.643) 0.073 0.072 0.469** (0.361, 0.578) 0.071 0.070 0.462** (0.354, 0.571)
Lethargy/tiredness 241 (26.6%) 0.066 0.065 0.391** (0.295, 0.488) 0.128 0.127 0.547** (0.454, 0.640) 0.099 0.098 0.481** (0.387, 0.576) 0.095 0.094 0.470** (0.375, 0.565)
Itching 53 (5.8%) 0.011 0.010 0.351* (0.133, 0.568) 0.012 0.011 0.361* (0.143, 0.578) 0.019 0.018 0.468** (0.251, 0.684) 0.019 0.018 0.465** (0.247, 0.682)
Watery eyes 50 (5.5%) 0.016 0.015 0.463** (0.229, 0.697) 0.015 0.014 0.444** (0.210, 0.678) 0.026 0.025 0.588** (0.355, 0.820) 0.015 0.014 0.447** (0.213, 0.680)

* p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.001.