Table 1.

Cruciate ligament stiffness (K) and reference strain (EREF) properties applied to FE simulations Bounds and mean ±1 standard deviation for ACL stiffness [29], PCL stiffness [30], and reference strain [17] were obtained from the literature. Calibrated values describe the final set of parameters used for subject-specific simulation.

	ACLam		ACLpl		PCLal		PCLpm
	Stiffness (K, MPa)	Reference strain (EREF)	Stiffness (K, MPa)	Reference strain (EREF)	Stiffness (K, MPa)	Reference strain (EREF)	Stiffness (K, MPa)	Reference strain (EREF)
Bounds	50–240	0.85–1.15	45–240	0.85–1.15	30–300	0.85–1.15	30–100	0.85–1.15
Mean ± standard deviation	180 ± 25	0.99 ± 0.11	180 ± 29	0.98 ± 0.10	176 ± 57	0.95 ± 0.08	77 ± 32	0.97 ± 0.09
Initial estimate	100	1.04	47	1.01	35	0.93	60	1.00
Calibrated values	70	1.03	120	1.08	80	0.97	60	1.06