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In vitro biofilm model systems. A) A work flow of the Calgary Biofilm Device [106]; B) The modified Robbin device (MRD) [107]; C) A CDC biofilm reactor [108]; D) Schematic diagram of a drip flow reactor with its various components [109]; and a E) Schematic diagram of a constant depth film fermenter (CDFF) and a close-up view of the scraper blade sliding over the biofilms to maintain constant depth when biofilm thickness exceeds the thickness of the well [110].
