Table 4.
CASE-CONTROL STUDIES TESTING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RURAL LIFE, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, OR WELL-WATER DRINKING AND PARKINSON'S DISEASE
| Location (Reference) | No. Cases/ No. Controls | Rural Home | Farming | Well-water Drinking | Herbicides/ Pesticides |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China (Tanner et al140) | 100/200 | − | − | − | + |
| Quebec (Zayed et al159) | 42/84 | NA | − | + | + |
| Madrid (Jimenez-Jimenez et al69) | 81/162 | NA | NA | + | + |
| Kansas (Koller77) | 150/150 | + | + | + | − |
| Hong Kong (Ho et al60) | 35/105 | + | + | + | + |
| Chicago† (Tanner et al138) | 78/78 | − | + | − | − |
| British Columbia (Hertzman et al58) | 57/122 | NA | NA | − | + |
| New Jersey/Pennsylvania† (Dulaney et al32) | 154/154 | +* | NA | − | − |
| Campania, Italy (Campanella et al19) | 83/83 | NA | NA | + | NA |
| California, 7th Day Adventists (Davanipour et al29) | 49/>34,000 | + | NA | NA | NA |
| Kansas (Wong et al158) | 38/38 | + | − | + | − |
| Calgary (Semchuk et al131) | 130/260 | − | + | − | + |
| Spain (Morano et al102) | 74/148 | + | − | + | +* |
| + = significant positive association; − = no association; NA = not assessed. | |||||
†
Parkinson's disease onset <51 y.
*
p = 0.06.