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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 21.
Published in final edited form as: World Dev. 2019 Oct 25;126:104704. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104704

Table 4:

Climate impacts on urban labor participation rates by activity

Dependent variable: Occupational participation dummy
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Non-agriculture Agriculture wage Agriculture self-employed Not employed
Temperature −0.011
(0.011)
[0.546]		 −0.012*
(0.006)
[0.228]		 0.014
(0.017)
[0.546]		 0.005
(0.011)
[0.663]
Temperature2 −0.009*
(0.005)
[0.189]		 0.003
(0.003)
[0.471]		 −0.005
(0.010)
[0.607]		 0.019***
(0.006)
[0.004]
Rainfall 0.017
(0.013)
[0.777]		 0.001
(0.007)
[0.934]		 0.006
(0.012)
[0.934]		 −0.003
(0.013)
[0.934]
Rainfall2 −0.020***
(0.006)
[0.004]		 −0.011***
(0.003)
[0.001]		 −0.007
(0.006)
[0.247]		 0.015**
(0.006)
[0.025]
Rain. × Temp. −0.009
(0.013)
[0.880]		 −0.010*
(0.006)
[0.375]		 −0.002
(0.011)
[0.880]		 0.005
(0.013)
[0.880]
F test: climate parameters = 0 (p values)
 Temperature 0.011 0.016 0.777 0.000
 Rainfall 0.007 0.000 0.472 0.088
R2 0.058 0.017 0.005 0.012
N 55,277 55,277 55,277 55,277

Note: Parameter estimates with standard errors in parentheses clustered by baseline enumeration area. Observations are person-years. Includes individual and year fixed effects. Temperature and rainfall are z-scores of previous 24-months, and both sample and attrition weights applied. Brackets provide q-values (Anderson, 2008).

*

p < 0.1

**

p < 0.05

***

p < 0.01.