Table 3.
Determinants of S. pneumoniae colonization in Eñepa Amerindian children and mothers.
| S. pneumoniae present | S. pneumoniae not present | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | Demographic figures | |||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.84 | |||
| Female | 31 (53) | 10 (50) | ||
| Male | 28 (47) | 10 (50) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.8) | 4.7 (3.2) | 0.31 | |
| Number of people in household, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.73 | |
| Nutritional status | ||||
| Weight-for-height Z score in children < 5 years, mean (SD) BMI-for-age Z score in children ≥5 years, mean (SD) |
−0.94 (2.27) | −1.26 (2.23) | 0.59 | |
| Height-for-age Z score in children of all ages, mean (SD) | −2.08 (1.97) | −1.03 (2.42) | 0.056 | |
| Malnourished, n (%) | 45 (76) | 10 (50) | 0.027 | |
| History of breastfeeding, n (%) | 50 (91) | 20 (100) | 0.32 | |
| Mother colonized with S. pneumoniae | 23 (39) | 4 (20) | 0.098 | |
| Respiratory tract infection | ||||
| Any respiratory tract infection (ARTI + AOM), n (%) | 35 (59) | 4 (20) | <0.01 | |
| ARTI, n (%) | 31 (53) | 2 (10) | <0.01 | |
| ALRTI, n (%) | 22 (37) | 1 (5) | <0.01 | |
| URTI, n (%) | 9 (15) | 1 (5) | 0.44 | |
| AOM, n %) | 19 (32) | 2 (10) | 0.052 | |
| Mothers | Demographic figures | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 29.8 (8.9) | 30.3 (9.7) | 0.86 | |
| Number of people in household, median (IQR) | 4.5 (4–6) | 5 (4–7) | 0.041 | |
| Nutritional status | ||||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 20.9 (3.44) | 23.4 (4.06) | 0.049 | |
| Malnourished, n (%) | 2 (13) | 2 (8) | 0.63 | |