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. 2019;20(12):3655–3666. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.12.3655

Table 4.

Recognition of Cancer Signs and Symptoms among the Participants (N = 481).

Variables Unexplained
Lump/Swelling
Unexplained
Persistent Pain
Unexplained Bleeding
Persistent
Cough/Hoarseness
Difficulty in
Swallowing
%
OR
%
OR
%
OR
%
OR
%
OR
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Gender Male
(n=258)
59.7 1.00 41.5 1.00 37.6 1.00 19.4 1.00 17.4 1.00
Female
(n=223)
82.1 3.09
(2.02-4.72)
50.7 1.45
(1.01-2.08)
44.8 1.35
(0.94-1.94)
23.8 1.30
(0.84-2.01)
23.8 1.48
(0.95-2.30)
Age 15-16
(n=201)
74.6 1.00 49.8 1.00 47.3 1.00 17.4 1.00 17.9 1.00
17
(n=280)
66.8 0.68
(0.46-1.02)
42.9 0.76
(0.53-1.09)
36.4 0.64
(0.44-0.92)
24.3 1.52
(0.96-2.40)
22.1 1.30
(0.82-2.06)
Co-Morbidities No
(n=392)
68.6 1.00 45.4 1.00 39.8 1.00 21.4 1.00 20.2 1.00
Yes
(n=89)
76.4 1.48
(0.87-2.53)
47.2 1.07
(0.68-1.70)
46.1 1.29
(0.81-2.05)
21.3 1.00
(0.57-1.74)
21.3 1.08
(0.61-1.89)
Knew someone with cancer No
(n=400)
69.8 1.00 43.8 1.00 40.3 1.00 21.0 1.00 21.0 1.00
Yes
(n=81)
71.6 1.09
(0.65-1.85)
55.6 1.61
(0.99-2.60)
44.4 1.19
(0.73-1.92)
23.5 1.15
(0.65-2.03)
17.3 0.79
(0.42-1.47)
Variables Change in
Appearance of Mole
Sore that Does Not Heal Unexplained Weight Loss Loss of Appetite Change in Bowel Habit
% OR % OR % OR % OR % OR
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Gender Male
(n=258)
49.6 1.00 37.2 1.00 34.9 1.00 34.1 1.00 26.4 1.00
Female
(n=223)
59.6 1.50
(1.04-2.16)
43.0 1.28
(0.88-1.84)
42.2 1.36
(0.94-1.97)
38.6 1.21
(0.84-1.76)
31.4 1.76
(0.31-1.28)
Age 15-16
(n=201)
55.7 1.00 43.3 1.00 43.3 1.00 37.8 1.00 26.9 1.00
17
(n=280)
53.2 0.90
(0.63-1.30)
37.5 0.79
(0.54-1.14)
34.6 0.69
(0.48-1.01)
35.0 0.89
(0.61-1.29)
30.0 1.29
(0.30-1.17)
Co-Morbidities No
(n=392)
53.3 1.00 40.6 1.00 39.8 1.00 37.8 1.00 28.3 1.00
Yes
(n=89)
58.4 1.23
(0.77-1.96)
37.1 0.86
(0.54-1.39)
31.5 0.69
(0.42-1.13)
29.2 0.68
(0.41-1.12)
30.3 1.12
(0.30-1.10)
Knew someone with cancer No
(n=400)
53.5 1.00 39.5 1.00 36.8 1.00 34.5 1.00 28.8 1.00
Yes
(n=81)
58.0 1.20
(0.74-1.95)
42.0 1.11
(0.68-1.80)
45.7 1.45
(0.89-2.34)
44.4 1.52
(0.94-2.47)
28.4 2.47
(0.28-0.98)