Table 2.

PeDI-C Recommendations for Airway Management in Pediatric Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Theme	Recommendations	Example Comments
Training	Context-sensitive simulation.	Pediatric patients; needs to be relevant to the perioperative and out of operating room procedures.
Cognitive aids	Develop, test, and share.	Need to address challenges related to processes, workflows, and clinical management. Development and testing should include nurses and other stakeholders.
Patient safety and clinical management	Use of sedation. Parental presence at induction of anesthesia.	Coughing and crying can increase aerosolization. Should be avoided or minimized.
	IV induction. Use of neuromuscular blockers for intubations. Extubation. Avoid nasal prongs.	Should minimize coughing and crying. Should be smooth and under clear plastic is needed. They can cause aerosolization, but a simple oxygen mask covering may prevent or reduce dispersion.
Staff safety	Personal protection equipment.	Needs to protect health care workers who are a scarce resource.
	Minimizing staff in the room. Continued use of personal protection equipment during high-risk procedures or patients.	Should work for the context of the operating room.
	High-risk staff (age, immunodeficiency, andpregnancy).
	Anesthesia trainees.

Abbreviations: COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; IV, intravenous; PeDI-C, Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative.