Table 54-2.

Infections Associated with Common Defects in Inflammatory or Immunologic Response

Host Defect	Examples of Diseases or Therapies Associated with Defects	Common Etiologic Agents of Infections
Inflammatory Response
Neutropenia	Hematologic malignancies, cytotoxic chemotherapy, aplastic anemia	Gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida species, Aspergillus species
Complement System
C3	Congenital liver disease	S. aureus, Staphylococcus pneumoniae
	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Pseudomonas species, Proteus species
Alternate pathway	Sickle cell disease	S. pneumoniae, Salmonella
Immune Response
T lymphocyte deficiency/dysfunction	Thymic aplasia, thymic hypoplasia, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoid	Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium species, Candida species, Aspergillus species,Cryptococcus neoformans, herpes simplex, herpes zoster
	Human immunodeficiency virus	Pneumocystis jiroveci, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, Mycobacterium avium complex, C. neoformans, Candida species
	Mucocutaneous candidiasis	Candida species
B-cell deficiency/dysfunction	Splenectomy, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, dysgammaglobulinemia	S. pneumoniae, other streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Babesia sp. Capnocytophaga, Giardia lamblia, P. jiroveci, enteroviruses
	Selective IgA deficiency	G. lamblia, viral hepatitis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae
Mixed T- and B-cell deficiency/dysfunction	Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia	P. jiroveci (carinii), cytomegalovirus, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, varicella, other bacteria