Table 54-6.
Causes of Hypotension in Patients with HIV Infection
| Process | Examples of Causes |
|---|---|
| Distributive Shock | |
| Septic shock | |
| Bacterial |
Pneumococcus or Haemophilus organism pneumonia |
| Vascular access infection | |
| Surgical wound | |
| Viral | CMV, disseminated VZV |
| Fungal |
Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus organisms |
| Vascular access–related candidemia | |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia | |
| Adrenal Insufficiency | Tuberculosis, fungi, CMV, HIV |
| Oligemic Shock | |
| Dehydration |
Bacterial diarrhea |
| C. difficile diarrhea | |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage |
CMV colitis |
| Gastrointestinal lymphoma | |
| Cardiogenic Shock | |
| Cardiomyopathy | HIV |
| Endocarditis | Bacterial pathogens related to IV drug abuse |
| Extracardiac Obstruction | |
|
Pericardial tamponade |
Lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma |
| Fungus, tuberculosis | |
| Pericardial constriction | Tuberculosis, fungus |
| Massive pulmonary embolus | Inactivity, inanition |
CMV, cytomegalovirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; VZV, varicella-zoster virus.