Table 4.19.

Death in multiple sclerosis.

Study	Population size	Time from onset of multiple sclerosis to death (years)	Factors predictive of time from onset of multiple sclerosis to death
Long-term natural history series with cross-sectional and/or some longitudinal assessment
R. Müller 1949; 1951	810	190 patients dead at closure of the survey Adjusted data 81st percentile: 10 62nd percentile: 20	Observed data Gender: none Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis: motor, none Initial course of multiple sclerosis: progressive, shorter
Leibowitz et al 1969	282	52 patients dead at closure of the survey Observed data Mean: 17.4	Observed data Gender: male, slightly shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis: cerebellar/multiple, shorter Initial course of multiple sclerosis: progressive, shorter Region of birth: none
Visscher et al 1984	941	Not available	Observed data Logistic regression analysis Gender: none Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter Residence: Los Angeles, shorter; Washington, longer Initial symptoms: incoordination, shorter; motor, none
S. Poser et al 1986	1926	263 patients dead at closure of the survey Excess death rate per 1000 per year = 19.4	Observed data Excess death rate per 1000 per year Gender: none Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: younger, slightly longer Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis: motor/sphincter/cerebral, shorter; sensory/oculomotor, longer Initial course of multiple sclerosis: progressive, shorter
Phadke 1987	1055	216 patients dead at closure of the survey Observed data Mean: 24.5	Observed data Gender: none Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis: cerebellar, shorter; brainstem/optic nerve, longer
D.H. Miller et al 1992a	107	36 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis Median: 29	Not available
Kantarci et al 1998	1259	Number of dead patients: not available Life table analysis 95th percentile: 15 89th percentile: 25	Not available
Myhr et al 2001	220	11 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 95th percentile: 15	Not available
Long-term natural history cohorts with longitudinal follow-up
United States Army Veterans World War II multiple sclerosis cohort
Kurtzke et al 1970	527	122 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 76th percentile: 20 69th percentile: 25 Median: 35	Life table analysis Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: none
Lyon, France, multiple sclerosis cohort
Confavreux 1977
Confavreux et al 1980	349	20 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 90th percentile: 15 Median: 30	Observed data Gender: male, shorter
Gothenburg, Sweden, multiple sclerosis cohort
Broman et al 1981 Runmarker and Andersen 1993 Eriksson et al 2003	308	49 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 90th percentile: 22	Observed data Gender: male, shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter
London, Ontario, multiple sclerosis cohort
Weinshenker et al 1989a; 1989b	1099	16 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 88th percentile: 40	Not available
D.A. Cottrell et al 1999a	928	286 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis Cases with progressive onset only Median: 35	Not available
Series of survival in multiple sclerosis
Riise et al 1988	598	136 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis Median: 27 (from diagnosis of multiple sclerosis)	Life table analysis Cox regression analysis Gender: male, slightly shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: older, shorter Initial symptoms: vertigo, shorter Initial course of multiple sclerosis: progressive, shorter
Wynn et al 1990	152	43 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 76th percentile: 25 (from diagnosis of multiple sclerosis)	Life table analysis Gender: male, shorter Secular trend (1905–1985): none
Midgard et al 1995	251	70 patients dead at closure of survey Life table analysis 75th percentile: 20 (from diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?)	Life table analysis Cox regression analysis Gender: male, slightly shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: younger, longer Initial symptoms: paraesthesia, shorter Initial course: progressive, shorter
Wallin et al 2000	2489	2059 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis Median: 34	Life table analysis Gender: male, shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: younger, longer Socioeconomic status: lower, longer
Sumelahti et al 2002	1614	219 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis 53rd percentile: 40	Life table analysis Gender: none Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: younger, longer Initial symptoms of multiple sclerosis: optic neuritis/sensory, longer Initial course of multiple sclerosis: relapsing-remitting, longer
Brønnum-Hansen et al 2004	9881	4254 patients dead at closure of the survey Life table analysis Median: 31	Life table analysis Cox regression analysis Gender: male, shorter Age at onset of multiple sclerosis: younger, longer Initial symptoms: optic neuritis, longer; cerebellar, shorter Year of initial symptoms: more recent, longer

SD = standard deviation.

SEM = standard error of the mean.

Data from the main series of the long-term course and prognosis, and from the main series of survival in multiple sclerosis