Table 39.10.
Viral Arthritis and Arthralgia
| Virusa | Distribution | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Parvovirus B19 | Worldwide | Especially in adult females |
| Hepatitis B virus | Worldwide | Especially in prodromal phase |
| Hepatitis C virus | Worldwide | Also myalgia, vasculitis, sicca syndrome |
| Hepatitis A virus | Worldwide | Arthralgia and rash |
| Rubella virus | Worldwide | Especially in adult females. Can also occur after rubella vaccination with some older vaccines |
| HIV | Worldwide | Various syndromes |
| Adenoviruses | Worldwide | |
| Mumps virus | Worldwide | |
| Enteroviruses | Worldwide | |
| Ross River virus | Australia, Pacific islands | Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis can persist for months |
| Chikungunya virus | Africa, South Asia, Americas | Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis can persist for months |
| O’nyong-nyong virus | East Africa | Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis can persist for months |
| Sindbis virus | Africa, Asia, Europe | Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis can persist for months |
| Mayaro virus | South America | Polyarthralgia/polyarthritis can persist for months |
| Dengue viruses | Tropics worldwide | Arthralgia/myalgia, pain called “break-bone fever” |
| Zika virus | Widespread | Arthralgia and rash |
| Oropouche virus | Brazil | Arthralgia/myalgia, similar to dengue |
a
The commonest causal agents are in bold type.