Table 2.
Initial and Final Confirmatory Factor Models for Items Capturing Anticipated Transgender Stigma
| Item content | Initial factor loadings |
Final factor loadings |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstd. | SE | Std. | Unstd. | SE | Std. | |
| In many areas of my life, no one knows that I am transgender [1] | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.17 | — | — | — |
| Telling someone I am transgender is risky [4] | 4.25 | 1.70 | 0.70 | — | — | — |
| People who are transgender lose their jobs when their employers find out [5] | 3.14 | 1.28 | 0.52 | — | — | — |
| People who are transgender are treated like outcasts [9] | 3.18 | 1.35 | 0.52 | — | — | — |
| Most people believe that a person who is transgender is dirty [10] | 3.35 | 1.40 | 0.55 | — | — | — |
| Most people think that a transgender person is disgusting [14] | 3.69 | 1.57 | 0.61 | — | — | — |
| Most people who are transgender are rejected when others find out [16] | 4.16 | 1.70 | 0.69 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.64 |
| I am very careful who I tell that I am transgender [17] | 3.55 | 1.37 | 0.58 | — | — | — |
| Some people who know I am transgender have grown more distant [18] | 4.29 | 1.77 | 0.71 | 1.13 | 0.09 | 0.73 |
| Since coming out as transgender, I worry about people discriminating against me [19] | 4.25 | 1.75 | 0.70 | — | — | — |
| Most people are uncomfortable around someone who is transgender [20] | 4.16 | 1.72 | 0.69 | 1.07 | 0.09 | 0.69 |
| I worry that people may judge me when they learn I am transgender [22] | 4.33 | 1.74 | 0.71 | 1.08 | 0.09 | 0.70 |
| I have been hurt by how people reacted to learning I was transgender [24] | 3.91 | 1.57 | 0.64 | 1.07 | 0.09 | 0.69 |
| I worry that people who know I am transgender will tell others [25] | 4.81 | 1.96 | 0.79 | — | — | — |
| I regret having told some people that I am transgender [26] | 4.56 | 1.85 | 0.75 | — | — | — |
| Some people avoid touching me once they know I am transgender [28] | 4.26 | 1.76 | 0.70 | — | — | — |
| People I care about stopped calling after learning I was transgender [29] | 4.72 | 1.93 | 0.78 | — | — | — |
| People have told me that being transgender is what I deserve for how I lived my life [30] | 2.83 | 1.14 | 0.47 | — | — | — |
| Some people close to me are afraid others will reject them if it becomes known that I am transgender [31] | 4.55 | 1.85 | 0.75 | — | — | — |
| People don't want me around their children once they know I am transgender [32] | 4.31 | 1.76 | 0.71 | — | — | — |
| People have physically backed away from me when they learn I am transgender [33] | 4.49 | 1.86 | 0.74 | 1.18 | 0.09 | 0.76 |
| Some people act as though it's my fault I am transgender [34] | 4.65 | 1.91 | 0.77 | 1.27 | 0.09 | 0.82 |
| I have stopped socializing with some people because of their reactions to me being transgender [35] | 4.75 | 1.94 | 0.78 | 1.27 | 0.09 | 0.82 |
| I have lost friends by telling them I am transgender [36] | 4.77 | 1.95 | 0.79 | — | — | — |
| I have told people close to me to keep the fact that I am transgender a secret [37] | 4.04 | 1.62 | 0.67 | — | — | — |
| When people learn I am transgender, they look for flaws in your character [40] | 2.49 | 1.77 | 0.71 | — | — | — |
| 0.03 | 0.02 | — | 0.41 | 0.06 | — | |
| Estimated factor variance | Model fit | Model fit | ||||
| CFI | 0.85 | 0.98 | ||||
| TLI | 0.84 | 0.98 | ||||
| Model χ2 (df) | 1096.31 (324), p<0.001 | 43.90 (20), p=0.002 | ||||
| RMSEA | 0.11 | 0.08 | ||||
| Probability RMSEA ≤0.05 | <0.001 | 0.08 | ||||
| WRMR | 1.62 | 0.66 | ||||
Note: N=213.
Items adapted from Berger et al.24 HIV stigma; Numbers in parenthesis are the original item numbers from Berger's HIV stigma scale.
CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; SE, standard error; Std., standardized; TLI, Tucker-Lewis Index; Unstd., unstandardized; WRMR, weighted root mean residual.