Table 3.

Initial and Final Confirmatory Factor Models for Items Capturing Internalized Transgender Stigma

Parameter	Initial factor loadings			Final factor loadings
	Unstd.	SE	Std.	Unstd.	SE	Std.
I feel guilty because I am transgender [2]	1.00	0.00	0.81	1.00	0.00	0.80
People's attitudes about transgender people make me feel worse about myself [3]	0.79	0.05	0.64	—	—	—
I work hard to keep my gender identity a secret [6]	0.78	0.05	0.64	—	—	—
I feel I am not as good a person as others because I am transgender [7]	0.92	0.06	0.74	0.96	0.06	0.78
It is easier to avoid new friendships than worry about telling someone that I am transgender [11]	0.82	0.05	0.67	—	—	—
Being transgender makes me feel unclean [12]	1.08	0.04	0.88	1.10	0.06	0.88
Since coming out as transgender, I feel set apart and isolated from the rest of the world [13]	0.88	0.05	0.71	—	—	—
Being transgender makes me feel that I'm a bad person [15]	1.05	0.05	0.85	1.12	0.05	0.90
Being transgender is disgusting to me [23]	0.85	0.07	0.68	0.94	0.07	0.75
As a rule, telling others that I am transgender has been a mistake [27]	0.83	0.06	0.68	—	—	—
People who know I am transgender tend to ignore my good points [38]	0.87	0.05	0.70	—	—	—
People seem afraid of me once they learn I am transgender [39]	0.88	0.05	0.72	—	—	—
Estimated factor variance	Model fit			Model fit
CFI	0.90			0.99
TLI	0.88			0.98
Model χ2 (df)	270351 (54), p<0.001			17.31 (5), p=0.01
RMSEA	0.14			0.11
Probability RMSEA ≤0.05	0.00			0.04
WRMR	1.40			0.50

Note: N=213.

Items adapted from Berger et al.²⁴ HIV stigma; Numbers in parenthesis are the original item numbers.