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. 2014 Nov 17;2014(11):CD008726. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008726.pub2

Comparison 1. Cephalosporins versus penicillins ‐ all women.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Maternal sepsis 4   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 2 346 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 1 75 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.37 [0.10, 56.41]
1.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
1.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 1 232 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 3.21 [0.34, 30.45]
2 Maternal endometritis 20   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 9 3130 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.11 [0.81, 1.52]
2.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 10 2134 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.60, 1.35]
2.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 1 139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.70 [0.63, 11.55]
2.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 1 83 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.01, 7.77]
3 Infant sepsis 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
3.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4 Infant oral thrush 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Maternal fever (febrile morbidity) 16   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
5.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 7 1344 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.61, 1.30]
5.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 6 1824 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.56, 1.49]
5.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 1 139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.36 [0.84, 6.62]
5.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 2 315 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.57 [0.69, 3.60]
6 Maternal wound infection 19   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 9 1497 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.38, 1.81]
6.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 7 1608 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.40, 1.30]
6.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 1 139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.42, 9.63]
6.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 2 315 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.23 [0.42, 3.58]
7 Maternal urinary tract infection 14   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 7 1120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.48 [0.89, 2.48]
7.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 6 1361 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.66 [0.17, 2.55]
7.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 1 83 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8 Maternal thrush 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
8.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Maternal composite serious infectious complication 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
9.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 1 59 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 1 746 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Maternal composite adverse effects 7   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
10.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 3 1902 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 2.02 [0.18, 21.96]
10.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 4 1333 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.96 [0.09, 10.50]
10.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Maternal allergic reactions 5   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
11.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 2 191 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 3 1041 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Maternal nausea 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 1 59 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 1 119 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Maternal vomiting 3   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
13.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 1 59 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 2 319 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 7.0 [0.37, 133.78]
13.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14 Maternal diarrhoea 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
14.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 1 59 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 1 119 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
14.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Maternal skin rash 6   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
15.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 2 351 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.45 [0.06, 35.38]
15.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 4 618 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 1.26 [0.34, 4.67]
15.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Immediate infant adverse effects 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
16.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Infant unsettled 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
17.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Infant diarrhoea 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
18.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19 Infant skin rash 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
19.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
19.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20 Development of bacterial resistance 0   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
20.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
20.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21 Maternal length of hospital stay 1   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
21.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 1 746 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.14, 0.08]
21.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
21.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22 Infant length of hospital stay 0   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
22.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
22.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23 Infant's immune system development 0   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
23.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
23.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24 Infant general health 0   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
24.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25 Infant frequency of hospital visits 0   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
25.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
25.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26 Costs 0   Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) Subtotals only
26.1 Single cephalosporin vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26.2 Single cephalosporin vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26.3 Cephalosporin drug combination vs single penicillin 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
26.4 Cephalosporin drug combination vs penicillin drug combination 0 0 Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]