Saltzman 1985.

Methods	RCT. Individual women. 2‐arm study.
Participants	Inclusion criteria Women who underwent primary CS for cephalopelvic disproportion. N = 147 with data on 129. Exclusion criteria Women with clinical signs of active infection, an oral temperature of 100.4 oF (38.0 oC) or more within 24 hours preceding surgery, systemic antimicrobial use within 3 days prior to CS, or known hypersensitivity to penicillin or cephalosporins.
Interventions	Intervention: cephalosporin (B2). Cefoxitin. 2 g each dose, with 3 doses given. First dose of each drug was given immediately after the umbilical cord was clamped, with the second and third doses administered 4 and 8 hours afterward. N = 68. Comparison: penicillin (A3) combination. Ticarcillin + clavulanic acid. 3 g of ticarcillin and 100 mg of clavulanic acid, 3 doses given. First dose of each drug was given immediately after the umbilical cord was clamped, with the second and third doses administered 4 and 8 hours afterward. N = 61.
Outcomes	Febrile morbidity; endometritis; UTI.
Notes	Setting: Virginia, US. Subgroups Type of CS not defined. After cord clamping. IV administration. Although route of administration not specified the administration of doses 4 and 8 hours after birth indicated lavage was not used. Multiple doses. Comparison: 1 (subgroup 2); 2; 3; 4; 7. Long‐term follow‐up: reported no infections at 6 weeks post‐operatively. No information about funding source of study.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	“...randomly assigned...”.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind study.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Double‐blind study but no mention about whether assessors were blinded or not.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	18 out of 147 women (12.2%) were excluded from the analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol unavailable.
Other bias	Unclear risk	No information on baseline characteristics. Other possible biases were unclear. No information about funding source of study.