Vorgerd 2002.
| Methods | Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial | |
| Participants | 19 cases (8 female and 11 male participants aged 11 to 59 years) | |
| Interventions | Creatine 150 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks versus placebo, washout period 4 weeks | |
| Outcomes | Subjective muscle symptoms, serum CK, creatine, 31P‐MRS and surface EMG | |
| Notes | ||
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | The method of sequence generation was unclear |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | The method of allocation concealment was unclear |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Paticipants and observers were blinded |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No dropouts and complete data were reported |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | There was equal reporting of results for both groups; outcomes specified in methods were reported as specified. |
| Other bias | Low risk | No other source of bias identified |
CK: creatine kinase EMG: electromyography 31P‐MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy PSEM: programmed stimulation electromyogram RPP: rate pressure product SF‐36: Short Form 36 Health Survey VO2: oxygen consumption WHO‐DAS 11: World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Scale