Eckmann 1984.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Duration: 30 days. Setting: hospital, single‐centre (Germany).
Participants	Diagnosis: acute paranoid‐hallucinatory schizophrenia (ICD 295.3). N = 40. Age: 20 ‐ 45 years, mean ˜ 34 years. Sex: 16 F, 24 M. History: acute, inpatient. Included: no details. Excluded: no details. Consent: not stated.
Interventions	1. Perphenazine: 12 mg or 24 mg/day, n = 20. 2. Benperidol: 6 mg or 12 mg/day, (2 patients received 9mg/day from 4th‐6th day and one of them also from 19th‐30th day), n = 20. Additional medication: anticholinergics and sedating drugs (low potent neuroleptics, tranquillisers) as needed.
Outcomes	Leaving the study early. Global state: no better or worse. Unable to use ‐ Mental state: BPRS end score (no SD), AMDP (no data). Behaviour: NOSIE end score (no SD). Adverse events: SAS (no data).
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised ‐ quote: "randomisiert zugeteilt" (English: randomly allocated). No further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Double‐blind: Oral liquid medication. No further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details of people leaving early.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No means or standard deviations reported in results section.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding: no details. Raters: not stated to be independent of treatment.