Lepola 1989.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Duration: 4 months, preceded by 4 weeks wash‐out. Setting: hospital, single‐centre.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (n = 17 acute; n = 30 chronic) (RDC). N = 47. Age: 18 to 66 years, mean ˜ 39 years. Sex: 27 F, 20 M. History: inpatient, Finland. Included: not stated. Excluded: organic cerebral disease, mental retardation apparent from school age, epilepsy, serious physical disability, renal or hepatic insufficiency, haematological disorders, pregnancy. Consent: informed consent required; trial design was accepted by the Ethic Committee of "Harjamāki Mental Hospital".
Interventions	1. Perphenazine: 4 mg per tablet, initially 3 tablets daily, could be changed when considered necessary according to response or side effects, maximal daily dose 40 mg, n = 24. 2. Sulpiride: 200 mg per tablet, initially 3 tablets daily, could be changed when considered necessary according to response or side effects, maximal daily dose 2000 mg, n = 23. Additional medication: biperiden for extrapyramidal symptoms, diazepam or nitrazepam for additional sedation.
Outcomes	Leaving the study early. Global state: no better or worse. Mental state: BPRS. Adverse events.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomised: no further details.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Double‐blind: identical tablets ‐ no further details.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	None detected.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	None detected.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding: not stated. Raters: not stated to be independent of treatment.