| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Affleck 1969 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. penicillamine, perphenazine and a placebo vs. penicillamine, penicillamine vs. placebo. |
| Ahlfors 1980 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. clopenthixol decanoate. |
| Akimoto 1966 | Allocation: 'randomly selected' Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: perphenazine vs chlorpromazine vs levomepromazine vs prochlorperazine (not parallel‐arm study, no control group, all participants received all drugs over one year) |
| Angst 1975 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. fluphenazine decanoate vs. flusipirilene vs. penfluridol vs. pipothiazine palmitate. |
| Anonymous 1966 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Asada 1976 | Allocation: not randomised ‐ matched pairs. |
| Bakke 1973 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. fluphenazine enanthate. |
| Bandelow 1992 | Allocation: random Participants: people with schizophrenia Interventions: perphenazine enanthate versus perazine versus fluphenazine versus levomepromazine versus thioridazine versus clozapine versus haloperidol decanoate versus fluphenazine decanoate versus flupenthixol decanoate versus fluspirilene |
| Becker 1970 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with chronic schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine and amitriptyline vs. perphenazine and placebo. |
| Bjerkelund 1965 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with acute myocardial infarct. |
| Böhlau 1985 | Allocation: unclear, open multi‐centre study. Blindness: double. Participants: those with dementia. |
| Cannistra 1959 | Allocation: unclear, double‐blind prospective study. Participants: obstetric patients. |
| Ceskova 1994 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. risperidone. Data about separate phases not available. |
| Ceskova 1996 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. haloperidol. Data about separate phases not available. |
| Clarke 1981 | Allocation: not randomised, open clinical trial. |
| Cohen 1958 | Allocation: not randomised, open clinical trial. |
| Cooper 1979 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. amitriptyline vs. perphenazine and amitriptyline. |
| Den Boer 2000 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Dencker 1994 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine decanoate vs. haloperidol decanoate. |
| Eklund 1976 | Allocation: not random |
| Erb 1982 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: healthy normal males. |
| Eufe 1979 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. flupentixol enanthate. |
| Fahn 1964 | Allocation: unclear, double‐blind prospective study. Participants: those with choreic movements. |
| Farzin 2005 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Interventions: perphenazine + famotidine versus perphenazine + placebo |
| Fitzgerald 1969 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double ‐ identical ampoules. Participants: those with acute psychiatric episodes. |
| Galdi 1988 | Allocation: random Participants: people with schizophrenia or depression Intervention: perphenazine vs chlorpromazine vs fluphenazine Outcomes: no usable data |
| Gerlach 1977 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Gerlach 1988 | Allcation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with tardive dyskinesia. |
| Gerson 1964 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness. double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine or chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine or prochlorperazine or methaminodiazepoxide or fluphenazine or phenelzine or imipramine tranylcypromine vs. 4‐(3, 4‐dimethoxyphenetyl)‐2, 6‐piperazinedione and 2‐methyl‐3‐orthotolyl‐4‐quinazinolone. |
| Gianelli 1990 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. fluphenazine decanoate vs. haloperidol decanoate. |
| Hadlik 1970 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. thiothixem. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Hanlon 1966 | Allocation: random Participants: 'acutely disturbed psychiatric patients' Intervention: perphenazine vs perphenazine‐benztropine mesylate |
| Hansen 1979 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those being on neuroleptic therapy. Interventions: perphenazine vs. perphenazine and biperidine vs. perphenazine and orphenadrine. |
| Haran 1960 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Holden 1969 | Allocation: not randomised ‐ matched groups. |
| Hollister 1967 II | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with depression as predominant psychiatric symptom. |
| Hollister 1974 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Huang 1964 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Jprn 2011 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: algorithm‐guided treatment (different antipsychotic drugs: perphenazine, aripiprazole, olanzapine, blonanserine, perospiron, quetiapine, risperidone, haloperidol) versus treatment as usual |
| Kaim 1972 | Allocation: unclear, double‐blind prospective study. Participants: those with delirium tremens. |
| Kaji 1974 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine and levomepromazine vs. clocapramine and levomepromazine. |
| Kawakita 1965 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Kistrup 1991 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine decanoate vs. cis(z)‐flupentixol decanoate. |
| Kline 1968 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Knudsen 1985 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine decanoate vs. perphenazine enanthate. |
| Knudsen 1985a | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Interventions: perphenazine decanoate vs perphenazine enanthate |
| Kothari 1960 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Lapolla 1967 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Levine 1997 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. chlorpromazine vs. placebo. Contacted on March 12th: data about methods no more available. |
| Lindholm 1978 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. perphenazine enanthate. |
| Linnoila1982 | Allocation: unclear. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with depression. |
| Loprete 1967 | Allocation: serial placement. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with schizophrenia and anxiousness and depression. Interventions: perphenazine and amitriptyline (Etrafon) vs. perphenazine and amitriptyline (Etrafon forte) vs. non barbiturate hypnotic sedative (Dormison) vs. phenobarbital vs. placebo. |
| Mason‐Browne 1957 | Allocation: not randomised ‐ matched groups. |
| Mazurek 2003 | Allocation: random Participants: paranoid schizophrenia (ICD‐10‐R) Intervention: typical antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, levomepromazine, perazine, perphenazine, zuclopenthixol) versus atypical (clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine) ‐ not separated by drug |
| Moore 1958 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with an anaesthetic for operation. |
| Müller 1994 | Allocation: open, randomised, three‐way cross‐over, single‐dose design. Blindness: unclear. Participants: healthy volunteers. |
| Nahunek 1967 | Allocation: open cross‐over design ‐ not randomised. |
| Nahunek 1968 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia or endogenous depression. Interventions: perphenazine vs. octoclothepin. |
| Nahunek 1969 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. triperidol. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Nahunek 1970 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. triperidol. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Nahunek 1970 II | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. flupenthixol. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Nahunek 1975 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. clozapin. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Nahunek 1976 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. clozapin vs. levopromazin vs. thioridazin vs. chlorpromazin vs. flupenthixol vs. methophenazin vs. oxypertin vs. clothiapin vs. pimozid vs. methylperidol vs. triperidol vs. oxyprothepin vs. octoclothepin vs. thiothixen. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Nahunek 1980 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. perphenazine. |
| Nordic DS Group 1986 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with tardive dyskinesia. |
| O'Reilly 1957 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia and two epileptics. Interventions: perphenazine vs. chlorpromazine or placebo (variable). |
| Oltman 1966 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Omerov 1989 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. perphenazine. |
| Opjordsmoen 2000 | Allocation: not random |
| Pfeiffer 1965 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Prien 1973 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Prusoff 1979 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with depressive schizophrenia. Interventions: amitriptyline and perphenazine vs. placebo. |
| Rapp 1972 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. fluphenazine decanoate. |
| Rapp 1986 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. haloperidol decanoate. |
| Rappaport 1967 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. placebo. Outcomes: intelligibility score. |
| Rappaport 1968 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. placebo. Outcomes: intelligibility score. |
| Reznik 2000 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. perphenazine and fluvoxamine. |
| Rickels 1982 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with depression. |
| Ritter 1971 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with acute withdrawal syndrome. |
| Rodova 1971 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. clothiapin. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Rodova 1973 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. clozapine. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Scurr 1958 | Allocation: unclear. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with an operation. |
| Shalev 1993 | contacted on March 12th: data about methods no more available. |
| Sharpley 1964 | Allocation: not random (controlled) |
| Shiloh 2002 | Allocation: random Participants: treatment‐resistant schizophrenia Intervention: mianserin versus placebo (in conjunction with haloperidol or perphenazine) |
| Silver 2000 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: antipsychotic drug and fluvoxamine vs. antipsychotic drug and placebo. |
| Simopoulos 1971 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: unclear. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: dilantin vs. dilantin and thorazine vs. dilantin and thioridazine vs. dilantin and perphenazine. |
| Simpson 1970 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. perphenazine‐amitriptyline. |
| Smith 1959 | Allocation: not randomised. |
| Spiker 1985 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with delusional depression. |
| Sun 2010 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: venlafaxine extended release tablets + perphenazine versus perphenazine + placebo |
| Sun 2010b | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: aripiprazole + placebo vs aripiprazole + perphenazine |
| Svestka 1970 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. methylperidol. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Svestka 1972 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. pimozide. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Svestka 1973 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. oxyprothepine. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Svestka 1974 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. oxypertine. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Svestka 1975 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. trifluoperazine. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Svestka 1989 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. isofloxythepin. |
| Svestka 1989a | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. carbamazepine. |
| Svestka 1990 | Allocation: randomised ‐ cross‐over design. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine vs. sulpiride. Data about separate phases no more available. |
| Syvalahti 1997 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: placebo or citalopram vs. perphenazine or haloperidol or chlorpromazine. |
| Tegeler 1979 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: perphenazine enanthate vs. flusipirilene. |
| Wang 2001 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia (ICD‐10 and CCMD‐2‐R) Intervention: perphenazine versus 1‐stepholidine (traditional Chinese medicine) |
| Whittaker 1963 | Allocation: "open cross‐over" ‐ not randomised. |
| Wolf 2007 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: aripiprazole versus 'another antipsychotic' ‐ not reported by drug‐group |
| Yagi 1976 | Allocation: randomised. Blindness: double. Participants: those with schizophrenia. Interventions: carpipramine and chlorpromazine vs. perphenazine and chlorpromazine vs. placebo and chlorpromazine. |
| Zhong 2001 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia (ICD‐10 and CCMD‐2‐R) Intervention: perphenazine versus 1‐stepholidine (Chinese herbal medicine) |
| Zhu 2009 | Allocation: random Participants: schizophrenia Intervention: psychological care + perphenazine versus perphenazine alone |
Diagnostic tools: CCMD‐2‐R – Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, Second Edition, Revised ICD‐10‐R ‐ International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision