Mathias 2012.

Methods	Country: USA Setting: Chicago, Illinois Design: before and after study involving cohort and cross sectional smokers.
Participants	Single urban primary care practice; 37 attending and 78 resident physicians. 1,349 documented smokers in preintervention cohort, 1,346 in postintervention cohort. 764 included in both cohorts
Interventions	A smoking cessation alert was added to the EHR. The alert prompted physician actions including a medication order set.
Outcomes	Change in orders of prescription for cessation medications; change in referral to cessation counselling.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	No control group
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	As above
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Personnel not blind to change in EHR, risk of bias judged low
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Objective data extracted from EHR, although assessors not blind to whether pre‐ or post‐intervention
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Same methods of data extraction pre and postintervention