Summary of findings 2. Combination vitamin A and micronutrients for maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity.
| Combination vitamin A and micronutrients for maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity | ||||||
| Patient or population: Pregnant women Settings: Areas with endemic vitamin A deficiency (inadequate intake)/areas with adequate intake as defined by the WHO global database on vitamin A deficiency Intervention: Combination vitamin A and micronutrients Comparison: Other micronutrients | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with micronutrient supplements without vitamin A | Risk with vitamin A with other micronutrients | |||||
| Maternal mortality | Study population | not estimable | (0 studies) | See comment | No study reported results for this outcome. | |
| not pooled | not pooled | |||||
| Perinatal mortality | Study population | RR 0.51 (0.10 to 2.69) | 179 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 1 | ||
| 44 per 1000 | 23 per 1000 (4 to 120) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 44 per 1000 | 23 per 1000 (4 to 119) | |||||
| Maternal anaemia | Study population | RR 0.86 (0.68 to 1.09) | 706 (3 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 2 | ||
| 269 per 1000 | 231 per 1000 (183 to 293) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 346 per 1000 | 298 per 1000 (235 to 377) | |||||
| Maternal clinical infection | Study population | RR 0.95 (0.80 to 1.13) | 597 (2 RCTs) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 2 | ||
| 382 per 1000 | 363 per 1000 (306 to 432) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 339 per 1000 | 322 per 1000 (271 to 383) | |||||
| Preterm birth | Study population | RR 0.39 (0.08 to 1.93) | 136 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ LOW 2 | ||
| 75 per 1000 | 29 per 1000 (6 to 144) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 75 per 1000 | 29 per 1000 (6 to 144) | |||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1 Wide confidence interval crossing the line of no effect, few events & small sample size.
2 Wide confidence interval crossing the line of no effect & small sample size.