Comparison 1. Vitamin A alone versus placebo or no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Maternal mortality	4		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.65, 1.20]
2 Perinatal mortality	1		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.95, 1.07]
3 Neonatal mortality	3		Risk Ratio (Fixed, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.90, 1.05]
4 Stillbirth	2	122850	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.98, 1.10]
5 Maternal anaemia	3		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.43, 0.94]
6 Maternal clinical infection	5		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.45 [0.20, 0.99]
7 Maternal night blindness	2		Risk Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.64, 0.98]
8 Preterm birth	5	40137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.94, 1.01]
9 Neonatal anaemia	1	406	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.92, 1.08]
10 Neonatal clinical infection	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 Congenital malformations	0	0	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Low birthweight	4	14599	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.89, 1.16]