Study	Reason for exclusion
Basso 1998	This RCT involving a single application of ultrasound to conservatively treated distal radius fractures reported on range of motion and referral for physiotherapy at 8 weeks. It is excluded because its focus was not on fracture healing; it also not did not report any outcome measures pertinent to this review.
Busse 2005	This study is a health economic analysis, which is informed using data from a systematic review.
Heckman 1997	This study is a cost analysis based upon models developed from clinical data and specified assumptions. It is not a formal health economics analysis within a RCT.
ISRCTN98682811	This trial ('TRUST (pilot)' in the first version of our review (Giffin 2011) was intended to be a pilot study comparing LIPUS versus sham in 50 patients with conservatively managed fractures of the tibia. It was abandoned after four months (Busse 2014) as a survey of practice showed a shift to surgical management of tibial fractures. A new pilot of surgically managed tibial fractures was set up under a new trial registration number (NCT00667849).
Urita 2013	This study only included patients undergoing shortening osteotomies of the upper limb.

RCT = randomised controlled trial