Parvataneni 2007.
| Methods | Randomized trial: method not stated | |
| Participants | Centre in USA 60 participants undergoing TKR Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of non‐inflammatory osteoarthritis. Participant factors such as BMI and co‐morbidities were not considered during the enrolment process Mean age (years): 69 Female: 48% Number excluded post randomization: none Number lost to follow‐up: none |
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| Interventions | 1. Single‐shot FNB with IV PCA morphine for 24 hours 2. Intra‐articular injection with 0.5% bupivacaine 200 to 400 mg, morphine sulfate (0.4 to 1.0 ml) 4 to 10 mg, epinephrine 1:1000 (0.3 ml) 300 μg, methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg, cefuroxime (10 ml) 750 mg, normal saline 22 ml. Clonidine transdermal patch applied in operating room: 100 μg/24 h Adjunct analgesics: IM ketorolac every six hours as needed (15 mg if > 65 years, 30 mg if < 65 years, hold if renal Impairment), if ketorolac is ineffective, IM morphine 2 to 4 mg every two to four hours, celecoxib 200 mg orally daily for 10 days, oxycodone SR 10/20 mg orally every 12 hours for 48 hours, oxycodone 5 mg orally every six hours as needed, acetaminophen 1000 mg orally every six hours |
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| Outcomes |
Outcomes of interest for the review: Pain intensity at rest: visual analogue scale, postoperative day one Knee ROM: postoperative day two Nausea/vomiting Participant satisfaction: postoperative day one Other outcomes: Straight leg raised Pain less than expected Confusion Discharged home |
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| Notes | Additional information regarding the study method sought, but study authors could not be reached | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method not stated |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Method not stated |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcomes | Unclear risk | Not stated |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | Low risk | Research personnel blinded to randomization |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No dropouts/withdrawals |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Outcomes predefined |
| Other bias | Low risk | Appears to be free of other sources of bias |