| Methods |
Cohort study
Baseline survey: 1993
Follow‐up: 3 years (1996)
Site: California
Research question: To assess the independent influence of receptivity to tobacco industry promotional activities on movement toward addiction to smoking. Analysis: logistic regression. Percentages were weighted to represent population of California according to age, sex, race/ethnicity and education. Jacknife procedure used to estimate variances. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and school performance |
| Participants |
Baseline sample obtained by random digit dialling as part of the California Tobacco Surveys
5531 at baseline, 3376 re‐interviewed, response rate 61.5%. 1752 were non susceptible never‐smokers at baseline. 965 were experimenters (Choi 2002) age 12 to17
Survey method: computer‐assisted telephone interviewing |
| Interventions |
Receptivity to advertising and promotion assessed as high/ moderate/ low/ minimal
Yes to "Have you bought or received a promotional item?" or "Would you ever use a promotional item?" considered Highly Receptive.
No to these Qs but naming a most advertised tobacco brand and having a favourite ad classified as Moderate.
Naming a brand but not having a favourite ad classified as Minimal.
Not naming a brand or a favourite classified as Low.
Exposure to family/peer smoking also assessed |
| Outcomes |
Smoking categories:
Nonsusceptible never‐smokers (responded negatively to trying a cigarette anytime soon, and "definitely not" to smoke if best friend offered, and smoking a cigarette during the next year)
Susceptible never‐smokers (answered affirmatively to trying a cigarette anytime soon, smoke if best friend offered, and smoking a cigarette during the next year)
Experimenters (ever smoked a cigarette or tried or experimented with cigarette smoking, even a few puffs, but <100 in lifetime)
Established smokers (at least 100 cigarettes in lifetime) |
| Notes |
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