Study	Reason for exclusion
Aitken 1985	Not a longitudinal study. Qualitative study of children's perceptions of advertisements.
Aitken 1987	Not a longitudinal study. Focuses on recognition of advertisements and brand preferences.
Aitken 1991	Future intention to smoke measured at follow‐up. Data not given separately for current and nonsmokers.
Aloise‐Young 2006	Not a longitudinal study. No primary outcome data on youth smoking behaviour.
Altman 1996	Not a longitudinal study.
Arnett 1998	Not a longitudinal study. Investigated correlation between preferred and most advertised brands.
Arora 2008	Not a longitudinal study.
Audrain McGovern 2003	Not a longitudinal study. Corss‐sectional design aimed to identify adolescents' most receptive to tobacco advertising based on differences in novelty‐seeking personality and other variables.
Audrain‐McGovern 2004	Longitudinal study using same data source as Audrain‐McGovern 2006. Focus was on characterizing adolescent smoking trajectories based on a variety of covariates including tobacco advertising receptivity.
Barbeau 1998	Not a longitudinal study. Assessed the appeal of advertisement for adolescents.
Beguinot 2010	Not a longitudinal study. Examined the relationship between exposure to sports sponsorship of tobacco products and recall of cigarette brands. Sample was aged 12 to 24.
Beltramini 2001	Longitudinal study. Measures changes in students' understanding of the role of advertising when exposed to an educational curriculum.
Borzekowski 1999	Not a longitudinal study. Correlates perceived influence of advertisements and smoking susceptibility.
Botvin 1991	Not a longitudinal study.
Botvin 1993	Not a longitudinal study.
Braverman 2004	Not a prospective cohort study. Used two sperate samples from two different years, but from the same city.
Brown 2009	Time series study, before, during, and after the UK's ban on tobacco advertising and promotion.
Burton 2010	Not a longitudinal study. Outcome was intention to smoke. No measure of smoking behaviour.
Butt 2009	Not a longitudinal study.
Carson 2005	Not a longitudinal study.
Carter 2007	Experimental study on the influence of smoking imagery in magazines. Outcome was smoking intention.
Chapman 1982	Not a longitudinal study.
Charlton 1986	Not a longitudinal study.
Chen 2002	Not a longitudinal study.
Chetwynd 1988	Effect of advertising cannot be separated for young people.
Choi 2002	Longitudinal study using same data sources as Pierce 1998, analyses progress of smoking uptake by subset who were already experimenting at baseline. Results given briefly with Pierce 1998.
Delener 1995	Review
DiFranza 1991	Not a longitudinal study.
DiFranza 1994	Not a longitudinal study.
Dirocco 2007	Not a longitudinal study. No measure of smoking behaviour. Outcome was intention to smoke after viewing cigarette advertisements.
Emri 1998	Not a longitudinal study.
Evans 1995	Not a longitudinal study. Assessed susceptibility to smoking and receptivity to advertising.
Feighery 1998	Not a longitudinal study.
Feighery 2006	Not a longitudinal study.
Freeman 2009	Not a longitudinal study. Examined relationship between understanding of cigarette advertisements and susceptibility to smoking. No measure of smoking behaviour.
Galduroz 2007	Time series study, before and after a ban on cigarette advertising in Brazil.
Gilpin 1997	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Correlated cross‐sectional data in initiation rates with cigarette prices and marketing activity 1979‐89.
Gilpin 2004	Time series study, before and after the master settlement agreement in the USA.
Gittelsohn 1999	Not a longitudinal study.
Goldberg 2003	Not a longitudinal study.
Goldstein 1987	Not a longitudinal study.
Grandpre 2003	Not a longitudinal study. Primary outcome was smoking intention.
Green 2002	Opinion piece, not an original research study.
Hanewinkel 2010	Not a longitudinal study.
Hastings 1994	Not a longitudinal study.
Hawkins 2000	Not a longitudinal study.
Henk 1995	Not a longitudinal study.
Henriksen 2008	Not a longitudinal study.
Ho 1994	Not a longitudinal study.
Jason 2004	No primary outcome data on youth smoking behaviour.
Kaufman 2002	Not a longitudinal study.
Kaufman 2004	Not a longitudinal study. Used 3 national cross‐sectional surveys to understand changes in adolescent cigarette brand choices.
Kelly 2002	Not a longitudinal study. No primary outcome data on youth smoking behaviour.
Klitzner 1991	Not a longitudinal study.
Krugman 2005	Not a longitudinal study. No primary outcome data on youth smoking behaviour.
Lam 1998	Not a longitudinal study.
Lancaster 2003	No primary outcome data on youth smoking behaviour.
Lewit 1981	Not a longitudinal study. Used survey data to correlate teenage smoking status and hours of television watched.
Lewit 1997	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Cross‐sectional surveys correlating smoking status with tobacco‐related variables.
Lovato 2007	Not a longitudinal study.
Manfredi 2002	Descriptive article.
Mashita 2011	Not a longitudinal study.
Maziak 2003	Not a prospective cohort study. Used two separate samples from two different years, but from the same city.
Meier 1991	Not a longitudinal study.
Minh 2010	Not a longitudinal study.
Moodie 2008	Time series study, before and after the UK's ban on tobacco advertising and promotion.
Peters 2006	Not a longitudinal study.
Pierce 1991	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Correlates advertising of brands to smoking behaviour from two cross‐sectional surveys.
Pierce 1994	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Correlated trends in initiation rates and targeted advertising, based on cross‐sectional surveys.
Pierce 1995	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Correlated trends in initiation rates and targeted advertising, based on cross‐sectional surveys.
Pierce 1996	Longitudinal study (Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey). No assessment of tobacco advertising exposure or attitudes.
Pierce 1999	Estimates the number of experimenters attributable to promotion of specific brands and the consequent future mortality.
Pierce 2002	Associations between tobacco advertising and youth smoking initiation is reported by parenting style only. Data used in this analysis is also used in Gilpin 2007, included in this review.
Pierce 2005	Main outcome measure was curiosity about smoking, not smoking status.
Pollay 1996	Econometric model using survey data correlating brand share for adults and youth with marketing spend.
Redmond 1999	Not a longitudinal cohort study. Cigarette marketing expenditure correlated to smoking rates from national survey 1978‐1995
Rimpela 1993	Not a longitudinal study. Review.
Ritchie 1988	Not a longitudinal study.
Santana 2003	Not a longitudinal study.
Shadel 2004	Not a longitudinal study. Investigated the role of self‐conflict on response to cigarette advertising. Did not measure smoking behavior.
Shadel 2008	Not a longitudinal study. Examined intention to smoke after exposure to cigarette advertisements. No measure of smoking behaviour.
Shadel 2009	Examined level of self‐conflict and intention to smoke after exposure to cigarette advertisements. No measure of smoking behaviour.
Slater 2007	Not a longitudinal study. Time series study using multiple, nationally representative, cross‐sectional studies that were part of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey. Smoking uptake was estimated from measures of current smoking status and future smoking intentions.
Smith 1999	Not a longitudinal study.
Straub 2003	Not a longitudinal study.
Tercyak 2002	Does not report longitudinal data yet.
Turco 1997	Not a longitudinal study.
Unger 1995	Not a longitudinal study.
Unger 1999	Not a longitudinal study.
Villanti 2011	Not a longitudinal study.
Voorhees 2011	Not a longitudinal study.
Wakefield 2002	Not a longitudinal study. Outcome measure was usual brand choices.
Wen 2005	Econometric study.
Wills 2010	Not a longitudinal study. Examined the effect of self‐control as a moderator for adolescent alcohol and tobacco use.
Zulu 2009	Not a longitudinal study.