Table 4.
Estimates of the global burden of CKD due to PM2.5 above the WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5 (10 µg/m3)
| Measure | PAF (95% UI) | Incidence (95% UI) | Prevalence (95% UI) | DALY (95% UI) | Death (95% UI) |
| Number | 14.7 (13.6 to 15.8) |
2 338 578.5 (2 022 602.3 to 2 673 492.1) |
89 111 428.8 (79 647 475.3 to 99 404 342.0) |
4 894 988.1 (4 292 855.7 to 5 536 504.6) |
152 388.2 (134 514.1 to 171 678.7) |
| Rate (per 100 000) | 32.2 (27.8 to 36.8) | 1230.3 (1099.6 to 1372.4) | 67.4 (59.2 to 76.3) | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) | |
| Age-standardised rate (per 100 000) | 37.3 (32.5 to 42.5) | 1351.6 (1210.7 to 1504.9) | 77.5 (67.8 to 87.9) | 2.9 (2.5 to 3.3) |
Estimates were generated using the integrated non-linear exposure response model using only PM2.5 data where cross-sectional studies were deweighted.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; PAF, population attributable fraction; PM2.5, ambient fine particulate matter; UI, uncertainty interval.