Table 2. Association of body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage body fat with prevalent hypertension.
| Hypertension | OR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p | Model1 | Model2 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | < .0001 | ||||
| <18.5 | 6.2(0.3) | 1.6(0.2) | 0.46(0.32–0.67) | 0.43(0.30–0.63) | |
| 18.5–23 | 46.5(0.6) | 25.7(0.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| 23–25 | 22.3(0.5) | 25(0.7) | 1.77(1.56–2.00) | 1.78(1.55–2.03) | |
| 25–30 | 22.2(0.5) | 40.6(0.9) | 3.06(2.71–3.47) | 3.09(2.71–3.51) | |
| ≥30 | 2.8(0.2) | 7(0.5) | 6.17(4.87–7.83) | 7.54(5.89–9.65) | |
| p for trend | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||
| WC (cm) | < .0001 | ||||
| <85 in male and <80 in female | 66.1(0.6) | 36.9(1.0) | 1 | 1 | |
| 85-<90 in male and 80-<85 in female | 16.9(0.4) | 22.2(0.7) | 1.71(1.51–1.93) | 1.75(1.54–1.99) | |
| 90-<95 in male and 85-<90 in female | 9.7(0.3) | 20.6(0.7) | 2.66(2.31–3.07) | 2.76(2.38–3.19) | |
| 95≥ in male and 90≥ in female | 7.4(0.3) | 20.3(0.8) | 3.55(3.05–4.12) | 3.97(3.41–4.63) | |
| p for trend | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||
| Percentage body fat | < .0001 | ||||
| Q1 | 30(0.8) | 13.9(0.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Q2 | 25.9(0.5) | 22.5(0.7) | 1.86(1.59–2.16) | 1.87(1.59–2.19) | |
| Q3 | 23.3(0.5) | 28.1(0.8) | 2.37(2.04–2.76) | 2.45(2.09–2.88) | |
| Q4 | 20.7(0.8) | 35.6(1.1) | 3.44(2.95–4.01) | 3.56(3.05–4.15) | |
| p for trend | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||
Data are presented as percentages (SE) or odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; WC, Waist Circumference; Q, Quartile.
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, smoking (never smoker, current smoker, past smoker), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, mild to moderate drinker, heavy drinker), physical activity (regular exercise, non-regular exercise, no exercise), living with spouse or not, income (quartiles), educational attainment (≤ 6 years, 7–12 years, ≥13 years), energy intake from fat, and sodium consumption.