Table 4. Combined associations of body mass index and other obesity parameters with prevalent hypertension.
| Hypertension | Age (year) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Model1 | Model2 | 19–39 | 40–64 | ≥65 | |
| Combination of BMI and WC | |||||||
| Normal BMI and WC | 67.2(0.6) | 39.5(0.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Normal BMI and elevated WC* | 7.8(0.3) | 12.9(0.6) | 1.89(1.64,2.18) | 1.89(1.63,2.19) | 1.43(0.75–2.73) | 1.70(1.39–2.08) | 1.68(1.30–2.19) |
| Elevated BMI only† | 8.1(0.3) | 10.3(0.6) | 2.28(1.93,2.71) | 2.31(1.89,2.82) | 2.22(1.44–3.44) | 2.19(1.72–2.80) | 1.59(0.93–2.70) |
| Both elevated BMI and WC | 17(0.5) | 37.3(0.9) | 3.35(3.00,3.74) | 3.46(3.07,3.90) | 4.25(3.18–5.69) | 3.16(2.72–3.68) | 2.41(1.95–2.98) |
| p interaction | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.46 | 0.30 | 0.73 | ||
| Combination of BMI and PBF | |||||||
| Normal BMI and PBF | 66.7(0.7) | 42.6(1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Normal BMI and elevated PBF‡ | 8.3(0.5) | 9.8(0.6) | 1.56(1.32,1.85) | 1.49(1.25,1.77) | 1.98(1.23–3.18) | 1.49(1.19–1.86) | 1.14(0.86–1.52) |
| Elevated BMI only† | 12.6(0.4) | 21.8(0.8) | 2.55(2.25,2.88) | 2.57(2.24,2.94) | 2.75(1.83–4.13) | 2.39(2.04–2.80) | 1.94(1.46–2.56) |
| Both elevated BMI and PBF | 12.5(0.4) | 25.8(0.9) | 3.32(2.94,3.75) | 3.41(2.99,3.89) | 4.42(3.24–6.04) | 3.31(2.77–3.96) | 2.02(1.60–2.54) |
| p interaction | 0.96 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 0.65 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; WC, waist circumference; PBF: percentage body fat
*Elevated WC: WC≥90 cm in male and WC≥80 cm in female
†Elevated BMI: BMI≥25 kg/m2
‡Elevated PBF: highest quartile of PBF
Data are presented as percentages (SE) or odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, smoking (never smoker, current smoker, past smoker), alcohol consumption (non-drinker, mild to moderate drinker, heavy drinker), physical activity (regular exercise, non-regular exercise, no exercise), living with spouse or not, income (quartiles), educational attainment (≤ 6 years, 7–12 years, ≥13 years), energy intake from fat, and sodium consumption.