Table 3.
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of COPD
| Hypogamma-COPD (n=30) | Non-Hypogamma-COPD (n=232) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years since COPD diagnosis | 10.3 (6.69) | 7.4 (6.11) | P=0.019 |
| Cough daily for last three months n (%) | 9 (31.0) | 83 (38.1) | P=0.461 |
| Hyperinflation on X-ray n (%) | 25 (89.3) | 140 (73.3) | P=0.067 |
| Numbers of COPD admissions last year median (IQR) | 1.5 (0.75–3.25) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | P<0.0001(MW) |
| Number of prednisolone treatments last year median (IQR) | 3.0 (1.25–5.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | P<0.0001(MW) |
| Number of antibiotic treatments last year median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | P=0.0001(MW) |
| Use of steroids n (%)a | 30 (100) | 170 (76.2) | P=0.003 |
| Use of inhaled beta 2 agonist n (%) | 27 (90.0) | 152 (68.2) | P=0.014 |
| Use of inhaled anticholinergics n (%) | 30 (100) | 186 (81.9) | P=0.011 |
| Use of leukotriene antagonist n (%) | 7 (25.0) | 12 (5.3) | P<0.001 |
| Use of theophylline n (%) | 14 (46.7) | 26 (11.4) | P<0.001 |
| Prednisolone treatment n (%) | 13 (46.4) | 31 (13.7) | P<0.001 |
| Oxygen therapy n (%) | 18 (60.0) | 63 (27.2) | P<0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 26.7 (14.46) | 40.0 (19.29) | P<0.001 |
| FVC (L) | 1.9 (0.71) | 2.4 (0.89) | P=0.002 |
| DLCO (mmol/(min × kPa)) | 3.5 (1.98) | 4.4 (3.50) | P=0.198 |
| RV (L) | 4.5 (2.05) | 5.0 (6.09) | P=0.794 |
| TLC (L) | 7.5 (1.73) | 7.0 (1.89) | P=0.416 |
| 6 minute walk test (m) | 311 (123.7) | 388 (130.5) | P=0.007 |
| SGRQ score total | 67.4 (15.01) | 54.7 (17.99) | P<0.001 |
Notes: aEither steroid in combined inhaler or alone. All categorical data shown as number and percentage, P-value calculated using Chi-squared test. All continuous data stated as mean (SD) and P-values calculated using Student's t-test unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MW, Mann–Whitney test; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; FEV1, forced expiratory flow in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLCO, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide; RV, residual volume; TLC, total lung capacity.