Table 2.
Laboratory and echocardiographic data of patients with HFpEF at first LVEF assessment, and whose changes in LVEF at second assessment (n=1082)
| pEF (=758) | mrEF (=138) | rEF (=186) | P value | |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| White cell count (*103/uL) | 6.9±3.1 | 7.3±3.4 | 7.8±3.7 | 0.045 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5±2.3 | 12.5±2.2 | 12.0±2.2** | 0.025 |
| BNP (pg/mL)† | 135.2 (53.5–329.6) | 194.0 (53.9–520.9) | 319.8 (93.3–702.0) **† | <0.001 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) † | 0.040 (0.017–0.080) | 0.040 (0.017–0.078) | 0.069 (0.032–0.355)*† | 0.033 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 cm2) | 60.1±23.3 | 55.2±24.3 | 55.7±25.2 | 0.042 |
| C reactive protein (mg/dL) † | 0.13 (0.05–0.48) | 0.18 (0.05–1.35) | 0.38 (0.09–1.08) | 0.530 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 6.9±0.7 | 6.9±0.8 | 6.9±0.7 | 0.542 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8±0.6 | 3.7±0.6 | 3.7±0.5 | 0.072 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8±0.4 | 0.9±0.5 | 1.0±0.57**† | <0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.1±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 0.771 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 139.0±3.4 | 138.5±3.8 | 138.0±3.5† | 0.001 |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 62.9±7.2 | 60.6±9.6** | 55.1±11.6**† | <0.001 |
| LVDd (mm) | 45.6±8.3 | 49.7±9.1** | 53.2±10.9**†† | <0.001 |
| LVDs (mm) | 29.2±8.2 | 33.6±10.1**† | 39.2±12.5**† | <0.001 |
| Left atrium volume (mL) | 67.8±44.7 | 86.6±68.5** | 84.2±69.9*†† | <0.001 |
| Mitral valve E/E’ | 13.0±7.6 | 14.9±9.8 | 13.2±7.5 | 0.108 |
| IVC (mm) | 14.4±4.7 | 14.7±5.2 | 14.6±4.4 | 0.637 |
| TR-PG (mm Hg) | 31.5±18.7 | 30.7±17.5 | 29.2±15.2 | 0.440 |
| RV-FAC (%) | 42.6±13.9 | 43.9±14.9 | 41.9±13.5 | 0.659 |
| ECG | ||||
| Rhythm sinus/atrial fibrillation/pacing (n, %) | 554 (73.1)/127 (16.8)/77 (10.2) | 93 (67.4)/30 (21.7)/15 (10.9) | 117 (62.9)/41 (22.0)/28 (15.1) | 0.062 |
| CRBBB (n, %) | 77 (10.2) | 10 (7.2) | 17 (9.1) | 0.550 |
| CLBBB (n, %) | 5 (0.7) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (2.2) | 0.166 |
| Heart rate (excluding pacing, n=465) | 70.4±15.6 | 69.2±13.1** | 75.0±15.1** | <0.001 |
| PQ (ms) | 175.3±35.7 | 176.8±40.2 | 182.0±44.8 | 0.214 |
| QRS (ms) | 106.9±20.7 | 108.1±22.7 | 112.3±25.5*† | 0.036 |
| QT (ms) | 410.6±45.1 | 415.2±49.4 | 409.0±47.4 | 0.455 |
| QTc (ms) | 441.3±34.3 | 445.4±37.2 | 451.7±35.8** | 0.002 |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs pEF, †p<0.05 and ††p<0.01 vs mrEF.
†Data are presented as median (IQR).
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CLBBB, complete left bundle branch block; CRBBB, complete right bundle branch block; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved LVEF; IVC, inferior vena cava diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVDs, left ventricular end systolic dimension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; mrEF, mid-range LVEF at second assessment; pEF, remained preserved LVEF at second assessment; rEF, reduced LVEF at second assessment; RV-FAC, right ventricular fractional area change; TR-PG, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient.