Table 3.

Linear Association Between Frequency of Current E-cigarette Use and Frequency of Cigarette Use Among Youth (Aged 12–17 Years): PATH, 2013–2016

	Number of days used cigarettes in past 30 days at follow-up
	1-year progression (n=60)
Characteristics	β (95% CI)	Adjusted β (95% CI)
Number of days used e-cigarettes in past 30 days at baseline	0.5 (0.1, 0.9)	0.4 (0.1, 0.7)
Age, years
12–14	ref	ref
15–17	2.7 (−2.6, 8.0)	3.1 (−1.4, 7.7)
Sex
Female	ref	ref
Male	−0.9 (−0.6, 4.9)	−1.7 (−7.2, 3.8)
Race/ethnicity
White	ref	ref
African American	4.7 (−8.8, 18.2)	6.6 (−4.2, 17.4)
Hispanic	−2.4 (−8.8, 4.1)	−3.1 (−9.4, 3.1)
Other	−1.6 (−9.7, 6.4)	0.8 (−6.1, 7.7)
Parent’s education level
High school or less	ref	ref
Some college	−3.8 (−11.0, 3.3)	−4.8 (−11.2, 1.6)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	−8.4 (−14.9, −2.0)	−8.2 (−14.8, −1.7)
Other tobacco products
No	ref	ref
Yes	1.8 (−3.2, 6.8)	1.3 (−4.2, 6.8)
Lives with tobacco user
No	ref	ref
Yes	6.3 (0.9, 11.7)	3.2 (−1.6, 8.0)
Noticed cigarette health warning labels
No	ref	ref
Yes	−1.2 (−7.2, 4.9)	−3.2 (−9.3, 2.8)
Any risk taking
No	ref	ref
Yes	5.8 (3.3, 8.2)	6.6 (−0.3, 13.5)

Notes: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

PATH, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health.