Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Abus. 2019 Oct 22;42(2):183–191. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1671938

Table 3:

Assessing the association between lifetime diagnosed concussion and substance use (8th, 10th, and 12th grade sample).

Binge Drinking Cigarette Use Marijuana Use Illicit Drug Use Nonmedical Rx Drug Use
Model 11 Model 21 Model 31 Model 41 Model 51
Diagnosed Concussion (lifetime) % OR 95% CI % OR 95% CI % OR 95% CI % OR 95% CI % OR 95% CI
No Diagnosed Concussion (reference) 6.7% Reference 3.6% Reference 10.4% Reference 0.9% Reference 3.0% Reference
One Diagnosed Concussion 11.6% 1.83*** (1.58, 2.11)5 6.0% 1.72*** (1.41, 2.10)5 14.9% 1.50*** (1.31, 1.72)5 2.2% 2.61*** (1.94, 3.49)3 6.1% 2.08*** (1.71, 2.54)5
Multiple Diagnosed Concussions 18.0% 3.05*** (2.58, 3.60)5 9.9% 2.97*** (2.34, 3.78)5 22.4% 2.48*** (2.09, 2.93)5 3.5% 4.14*** (2.79, 6.15)3 10.5% 3.73*** (2.90, 4.80)5
n = 22,525 n = 23,924 n = 23,357 n = 23,807 n = 23,640
Model 62 Model 72 Model 82 Model 92 Model 102
Diagnosed Concussion (lifetime) AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI AOR 95% CI
No Diagnosed Concussion (reference) Reference Reference Reference Reference Reference
One Diagnosed Concussion 1.45*** (1.22, 1.72)4 1.40** (1.10, 1.77)3 1.40*** (1.22, 1.62)4 1.81*** (1.27, 2.58) 1.98*** (1.57, 2.49)
Multiple Diagnosed Concussions 2.07*** (1.66, 2.58)4 2.12*** (1.54, 2.91)3 1.91*** (1.54, 2.37)4 2.00** (1.21, 3.31) 2.72*** (1.93, 3.82)
n = 17,493 n = 18,204 n = 18,171 n = 18,439 n = 18,396
*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001; % = percent; AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio. Sample sizes vary due to missing data. All analyses (Models 1 through 10) used custom weights provided by MTF to account for the probability of selection into the sample and to adjust for the different sample sizes for 8th, 10th, and 12th graders.

1

Models 1 through 5 only assess the bivariate association between lifetime diagnosis of concussion and past two week/30-day substance use (no control variables were included).

2

Models 6 through 10 assess the association between lifetime diagnosis of concussion and past two week/30-day substance use when controlling for sex, race, parental level of education, urbanicity (e.g., residence in an MSA), region, grade, truancy, average grade, average nights out per week, and participation in competitive sports (see Table 1 for more details on these control variables).

3

Differences between one diagnosed concussion and multiple diagnosed concussions are significant at the .05 alpha level.

4

Differences between one diagnosed concussion and multiple diagnosed concussions are significant at the .01 alpha level.

5

Differences between one diagnosed concussion and multiple diagnosed concussions are significant at the .001 alpha level.