Table 3.
Contents of fatty acids in BDA dried by five drying methods (g/100 g DW)
| Fatty acids | HAD | IRD | VD | WVD | FVD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexanoic | 0.01 ± 0.00a | 0.01 ± 0.00a | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01a |
| Octanoic (C8:0) | 0.01 ± 0.01a | 0.01 ± 0.00a | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01a |
| Lauric (12:0) | 0.02 ± 0.00b | 0.02 ± 0.02ab | 0.02 ± 0.01a | 0.01 ± 0.01b | 0.03 ± 0.00a |
| Myristic (C14:0) | 0.03 ± 0.01a | 0.03 ± 0.02ab | 0.05 ± 0.00a | 0.03 ± 0.00b | 0.06 ± 0.02a |
| Pentadecanoic (C15:0) | 0.02 ± 0.01bc | 0.02 ± 0.00c | 0.04 ± 0.01ab | 0.02 ± 0.02bc | 0.05 ± 0.00a |
| Palmitic (C16:0) | 7.17 ± 0.38c | 6.62 ± 0.56d | 9.86 ± 0.27b | 7.82 ± 0.40c | 10.81 ± 0.34a |
| Heptadecanoic (C17:0) | 0.07 ± 0.04ab | 0.07 ± 0.02b | 0.10 ± 0.00a | 0.07 ± 0.01b | 0.12 ± 0.03a |
| Stearic (C18:0) | 1.25 ± 0.11c | 1.17 ± 0.14c | 2.18 ± 0.20ab | 1.39 ± 0.09c | 2.41 ± 0.15a |
| Arachidic (C20:0) | 0.25 ± 0.01b | 0.29 ± 0.06b | 0.48 ± 0.02a | 0.33 ± 0.07b | 0.56 ± 0.08a |
| Heneicosanoic (C21:0) | 0.01 ± 0.01b | 0.01 ± 0.01b | 0.03 ± 0.01ab | 0.02 ± 0.00b | 0.04 ± 0.00a |
| Behenic (C22:0) | 0.09 ± 0.01b | 0.09 ± 0.03b | 0.20 ± 0.04a | 0.09 ± 0.02b | 0.21 ± 0.05a |
| Lignoceric (C24:0) | 0.06 ± 0.03c | 0.05 ± 0.00d | 0.16 ± 0.03b | 0.06 ± 0.00d | 0.17 ± 0.04a |
| Total SFA | 8.98 | 8.37 | 13.13 | 9.85 | 14.47 |
| Palmitoleic (C16:1) | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 0.12 ± 0.02a | 0.10 ± 0.04a | 0.13 ± 0.05a | 0.11 ± 0.02a |
| Oleic (C18:1) | 27.19 ± 0.31b | 25.44 ± 0.57c | 30.47 ± 0.29a | 29.95 ± 0.42a | 30.10 ± 0.36a |
| Eicosenoic (C20:1) | 0.14 ± 0.05a | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 0.20 ± 0.04a | 0.14 ± 0.03a | 0.18 ± 0.05a |
| Total MUFA | 27.44 | 25.70 | 30.77 | 30.23 | 30.38 |
| Linoleic (C18:2) | 14.39 ± 0.32c | 13.47 ± 0.49d | 15.46 ± 0.26b | 15.70 ± 0.50b | 15.31 ± 0.44b |
| α‐Linolenic (C18:3) | 0.50 ± 0.04a | 0.50 ± 0.10a | 0.54 ± 0.07a | 0.54 ± 0.06a | 0.49 ± 0.09a |
| Arachidonate (C20:4) | 0.03 ± 0.00c | 0.03 ± 0.03c | 0.08 ± 0.01b | 0.03 ± 0.02c | 0.10 ± 0.01a |
| Total PUFA | 14.92 | 14.00 | 16.08 | 16.28 | 15.90 |
| TFA | 51.34 | 48.08 | 59.98 | 56.35 | 60.76 |
| PUFA/SFA | 1.66 | 1.67 | 1.23 | 1.65 | 1.10 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Lower‐case letters in the same line indicate significant differences at p < .05.
Abbreviations: FVD, freeze‐vacuum drying; HAD, hot‐air drying; IRD, infrared drying; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; MVD, microwave‐vacuum drying; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SFA, saturated fatty acid; TFA, total fatty acids; VD, vacuum drying.