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. 2020 Jan 17;36(5):799–810. doi: 10.1007/s10554-020-01769-w

Table 2.

Physiologic parameters and Left ventricular parameters of participants in different baseline resting heart rate at sea level and at high altitude

Variables Lowest tertile P value Middle Tertile P value Highest tertile P value
Sea level High altitude Sea level High altitude Sea level High altitude
Physiologic parameters (n = 77/80/83)
 HR (beats/min) 56 (53, 58) 65 (58, 73)  < 0.001 64 (62, 66) 72 (64, 78)  < 0.001 75 (70, 79) 77 (69, 84) 0.280
 SaO2 (%) 98 (97, 98) 89 (88, 91)  < 0.001 98 (97, 98) 89 (88, 91)  < 0.001 98 (97, 98) 89 (88, 91)  < 0.001
 SBP (mmHg) 112 (107, 119) 120 (112, 127)  < 0.001 110 (104, 118) 118 (112, 126)  < 0.001 115 (108, 120) 123 (115, 127)  < 0.001
 DBP (mmHg) 67.0 ± 8.5 78.9 ± 8.8  < 0.001 67.3 ± 9.0 77.4 ± 8.9  < 0.001 68.4 ± 8.2 80.5 ± 9.6  < 0.001
2D and Doppler echocardiography (n = 77/80/83)
 LV EDVi (ml/m2) 57.1 (50.2, 66.3) 54.2 (44.8, 58.9) 0.004 58.1 (51.1, 65.8) 52.2 (45.4, 59.6)  < 0.001 58.7 (49.2, 67.8) 49.1 (41.5, 58.9)  < 0.001
 LV ESVi (ml/m2) 22.2 ± 7.6 18.4 ± 5.8  < 0.001 22.5 ± 7.1 18.9 ± 5.9  < 0.001 22.6 ± 8.8 18.0 ± 5.7  < 0.001
 SVI (ml/m2) 35.9 (30.6, 41.2) 33.5 (29.1, 39.9) 0.268 35.8 (30.8, 41.5) 33.2 (28.1, 39.8) 0.012 33.6 (30.0, 44.1) 30.6 (23.8, 39.0) 0.004
 CI (L/min/m2) 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) 2.2 (1.8, 2.6)  < 0.001 2.3 (2.0, 2.6) 2.3 (1.9, 2.8) 0.568 2.5 (2.1, 3.4) 2.3 (1.8, 3.1) 0.012
 LVEF (%) 61.7 (56.5, 68.0) 66.1 (60.7, 71.5) 0.004 61.6 (56.1, 67.5) 64.6 (58.5, 71.5) 0.128 63.1 (55.7, 69.1) 64.9 (57.5, 69.3) 0.112
 Mitral E (cm/s) 99.9 (90.5, 111.8) 75.2 (68.0, 90.0)  < 0.001 96.6 (88.4, 105.4) 79.5 (68.9, 91.6)  < 0.001 99.9 (90.5, 111.8) 75.2 (68.0, 90.0)  < 0.001
 Mitral A (cm/s) 48.0 ± 11.2 46.2 ± 10.1 0.324 50.4 ± 11.1 51.2 ± 11.9 0.662 56.4 ± 11.3 51.3 ± 9.8  < 0.001
 Mitral E/A ratio 2.16 (1.71, 2.50) 1.71 (1.47, 2.15)  < 0.001 1.89 (1.65, 2.27) 1.61 (1.31, 1.86)  < 0.001 1.78 (1.45, 2.07) 1.53 (1.33, 1.81)  < 0.001
Color tissue doppler imaging (n = 43/47/57)
 Mitral S′ (cm/s) 5.8 ± 1.4 6.5 ± 1.9 0.040 5.8 ± 1.6 6.5 ± 1.5 0.035 6.7 ± 1.8 6.3 ± 1.5 0.167
 Mitral E′ (cm/s) 8.7 ± 2.6 8.2 ± 1.9 0.262 8.9 ± 2.0 8.0 ± 2.0 0.008 9.2 ± 2.0 8.4 ± 1.8 0.003
 Mitral E/E′ ratio 10.6 (8.6, 13.6) 8.6 (7.6, 12.4) 0.058 10.7 (9.4, 12.6) 9.5 (8.6, 11.6) 0.014 10.3 (9.2, 12.0) 8.7 (7.3, 11.2) 0.011
 LV MPI 0.42 ± 0.16 0.48 ± 0.17 0.097 0.44 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.16 0.014 0.38 ± 0.12 0.45 ± 0.14 0.001

Values are median (25th to 75th quartile) or mean ± SD

Abbreviations as in Table 1